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<section id="faq">
<span id="id1"></span><h1>FAQ<a class="headerlink" href="#faq" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h1>
<section id="where-is-the-mapserver-log-file">
<h2>Where is the MapServer log file?<a class="headerlink" href="#where-is-the-mapserver-log-file" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="optimization/debugging.html#debugging"><span class="std std-ref">Debugging MapServer</span></a></p>
</section>
<section id="what-books-are-available-about-mapserver">
<h2>What books are available about MapServer?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-books-are-available-about-mapserver" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/mapping-hacks/0596007035/">“Mapping Hacks”</a> by Schuyler
Erle, Rich Gibson, and Jo Walsh is available from O’Reilly.</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/web-mapping-illustrated/0596008651/">“Web Mapping Illustrated”</a> by Tyler
Mitchell is available from O’Reilly. Introduces MapServer and many other
related technologies including, GDAL/OGR, MapScript, PostGIS, map projections,
etc.</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-4302-0053-6">“MapServer: Open Source GIS Development”</a> by Bill Kropla.</p>
</section>
<section id="how-do-i-compile-mapserver-for-windows">
<h2>How do I compile MapServer for Windows?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-compile-mapserver-for-windows" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>See <a class="reference internal" href="installation/win32.html#win32"><span class="std std-ref">Compiling on Win32</span></a>. Also, you can use the development libraries in <a class="reference internal" href="download.html#windows"><span class="std std-ref">OSGeo4W</span></a> as a starting point instead of building all of the dependent
libraries yourself. Windows users wanting a full installer (including Apache,
MapServer, mapscripts, GDAL) please see <a class="reference external" href="https://ms4w.com">MS4W</a></p>
</section>
<section id="what-do-mapserver-version-numbers-mean">
<h2>What do MapServer version numbers mean?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-do-mapserver-version-numbers-mean" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>MapServer’s version numbering scheme is very similar to Linux’s. For example,
a MapServer version number of 4.2.5 can be decoded as such:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>4: Major version number. MapServer releases a major version every two to
three years.</p></li>
<li><p>2: Minor version number. Increments in minor version number almost always
relate to additions in functionality.</p></li>
<li><p>5: Revision number. Revisions are bug fixes only. No new functionality is
provided in revisions.</p></li>
</ul>
<p>From a developer’s standpoint, MapServer version numbering scheme is also like
Linux. Even minor version numbers (0..2..4..6) relate to <em>release</em> versions,
and odd minor versions (1..3..5..7) correspond to developmental versions.</p>
</section>
<section id="is-mapserver-thread-safe">
<h2>Is MapServer Thread-safe?<a class="headerlink" href="#is-mapserver-thread-safe" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p><strong>Q</strong>: Is MapServer thread-safe?</p>
<p><strong>A</strong>: Generally, no (but see the next question). Many components of MapServer
use static or global data that could potentially be modified by another
thread. Under heavy load these unlikely events become inevitable, and could
result in sporadic errors.</p>
<p><strong>Q</strong>: Is it possible to safely use any of MapServer in a multi-threaded
application?</p>
<p><strong>A</strong>: Some of it, yes, with care. Or with Python :) Programmers must either
avoid using the unsafe components of MapServer or carefully place locks around
them. Python’s global interpreter lock immunizes against MapServer threading
problems; since no mapscript code ever releases the GIL all mapscript
functions or methods are effectively atomic. Users of mapscript and Java,
.NET, mod_perl, or mod_php do not have this extra layer of protection.</p>
<p><strong>A</strong>: Which components are to be avoided?</p>
<p><strong>Q</strong>: Below are lists of unsafe and unprotected components and unsafe but
locked components.</p>
<p>Unsafe:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>OGR layers: use unsafe CPL services</p></li>
<li><p>Cartoline rendering: static data</p></li>
<li><p>Imagemap output: static data</p></li>
<li><p>SWF output: static data and use of unsafe msGetBasename()</p></li>
<li><p>SVG output: static data</p></li>
<li><p>WMS/WFS server: static data used for state of dispatcher</p></li>
<li><p>Forcing a temporary file base (an obscure feature): static data</p></li>
<li><p>MyGIS: some static data</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Unsafe, but locked:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>Map config file loading: global parser</p></li>
<li><p>Setting class and and layer filter expressions (global parser)</p></li>
<li><p>Class expression evaluation (global parser)</p></li>
<li><p>Setting map and layer projections (PROJ)</p></li>
<li><p>Raster layer rendering and querying (GDAL)</p></li>
<li><p>Database Connections (mappool.c)</p></li>
<li><p>PostGIS support</p></li>
<li><p>Oracle Spatial (use a single environment handle for connection)</p></li>
<li><p>SDE support (global layer cache)</p></li>
<li><p>Error handling (static repository of the error objects)</p></li>
<li><p>WMS/WFS client connections: potential race condition in Curl initialization</p></li>
<li><p>Plugin layers (static repository of the loaded dll-s)</p></li>
</ul>
<p>Rather coarse locks are in place for the above. Only a single thread can use
the global parser at a time, and only one thread can access GDAL raster data
at a time. Performance is exchanged for safety.</p>
</section>
<section id="what-does-status-mean-in-a-layer">
<h2>What does STATUS mean in a LAYER?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-does-status-mean-in-a-layer" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>STATUS ON and STATUS OFF set the default status of the layer. If a map is
requested, those layers will be ON/OFF unless otherwise specified via the
layers parameter. This is particularly the case when using MapScript and
MapServer’s built-in template mechanism, but is also useful as a hint when
writing your own apps and setting up the initial map view.</p>
<p>STATUS DEFAULT means that the layer is always on, even if not specified in the
layers parameter. A layer’s status can be changed from DEFAULT to OFF in
MapScript, but other than that, it’s always on.</p>
<p><a class="reference internal" href="cgi/index.html#cgi"><span class="std std-ref">CGI</span></a> turns everything off that is not “STATUS DEFAULT” off so all layers
start from the same state (e.g. off) and must be explicitly requested to be
drawn or query. That common state made (at least in my mind) implementations
easier. I mean, if a layer “lakes” started ON the doing layer=lakes would turn
it OFF. So I wanted to remove the ambiguity of a starting state.</p>
</section>
<section id="how-can-i-make-my-maps-run-faster">
<h2>How can I make my maps run faster?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-i-make-my-maps-run-faster" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>There are a lot of different approaches to improving the performance of your
maps, aside from the obvious and expensive step of buying faster hardware.
Here are links to some individual howtos for various optimizations.</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="optimization/mapfile.html#mapfile-tuning"><span class="std std-ref">Tuning your mapfile for performance</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="optimization/vector.html#vector-optimization"><span class="std std-ref">Optimizing the performance of vector data sources</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="optimization/raster.html#raster-optimization"><span class="std std-ref">Optimizing the performance of raster data sources</span></a></p></li>
<li><p><a class="reference internal" href="optimization/tileindex.html#tileindex"><span class="std std-ref">Tileindexes for mosaicing and performance</span></a></p></li>
</ul>
<p>Some general tips for all cases:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>First and foremost is hardware. An extra GB of RAM will give your map
performance increases beyond anything you’re likely to achieve by tweaking
your data. With the price of RAM these days, it’s cheap and easy to speed up
every map with one inexpensive upgrade.</p></li>
<li><p>Use the scientific method. Change one thing at a time, and see what effect
it had. Try disabling all layers and enabling them one at a time until you
discover which layer is being problematic.</p></li>
<li><p>Use <a class="reference internal" href="utilities/map2img.html#map2img"><span class="std std-ref">map2img</span></a> program to time your results. This runs from
the command line and draws an image of your entire map. Since it’s run from
the command line, it is immune to net lag and will give more consistent
measurements that your web browser.</p></li>
</ul>
</section>
<section id="what-does-polyline-mean-in-mapserver">
<h2>What does Polyline mean in MapServer?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-does-polyline-mean-in-mapserver" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>There’s confusion over what POLYLINE means in MapServer and via ESRI. In
MapServer POLYLINE simply means a linear representation of POLYGON data. With
ESRI polyline means multi-line. Old versions of the Shapefile technical
description don’t even refer to polyline shapefiles, just line. So, ESRI
polyline shapefiles are just linework and can only be drawn and labeled as
LINE layers. Those shapefiles don’t have feature closure enforced as polygon
shapefiles do which is why the distinction is so important. I suppose there is
a better choice than POLYLINE but I don’t know what it would be.</p>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>The only difference between POLYLINE and LINE layers is how they are
labeled.</p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="what-is-mapscript">
<h2>What is MapScript?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-is-mapscript" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>MapScript is the scripting interface to MapServer, available
through the <a class="reference internal" href="mapscript/mapscript-api/index.html#swig"><span class="std std-ref">SWIG API</span></a>.
MapScript allows you to program with MapServer’s objects directly
instead of interacting with MapServer through its <a class="reference internal" href="cgi/index.html#cgi"><span class="std std-ref">CGI</span></a> and
<a class="reference internal" href="mapfile/index.html#mapfile"><span class="std std-ref">Mapfile</span></a>.</p>
<blockquote>
<div><div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>As of the MapServer 8.0.0 release PHP support is only available through
MapServer’s <a class="reference internal" href="mapscript/mapscript-api/index.html#swig"><span class="std std-ref">SWIG API</span></a>. (previous versions could also
access the unmaintained <a class="reference internal" href="mapscript/php/phpmapscript.html#phpmapscriptapi"><span class="std std-ref">PHP MapScript API</span></a>)</p>
</div>
</div></blockquote>
</section>
<section id="does-mapserver-support-reverse-geocoding">
<h2>Does MapServer support reverse geocoding?<a class="headerlink" href="#does-mapserver-support-reverse-geocoding" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>No.</p>
<p>Reverse geocoding is an activity where you take a list of street features that
you already have and generate postal addresses from them. This kind of spatial
functionality is provided by proprietary packages such as the ESRI suite of
tools, as well as services such as those provided by GDT. MapServer is for
<em>map rendering</em>, and it does not provide for advanced spatial operations such
as this.</p>
</section>
<section id="does-mapserver-support-geocoding">
<h2>Does MapServer support geocoding?<a class="headerlink" href="#does-mapserver-support-geocoding" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>No.</p>
<p>Geocoding is an activity where you take a list of addresses and generate
lat/lon points for them. This kind of spatial functionality is provided by
proprietary packages such as the ESRI suite of tools, as well other sites.
MapServer is for <em>map rendering</em>, and it does not provide for advanced
spatial operations such as this.</p>
<p>There are many free geocoders available, such as <a class="reference external" href="https://geolytica.com">https://geolytica.com</a> (geocoder.ca)
for North America, or you can set up your own service using OpenStreetMap data, TIGER data,
or other open data sources. Then you could hook your application up to use this
service to provide lat/lon pairs for addresses, and then use MapServer to
display those points (possibly through MapScript).</p>
</section>
<section id="how-do-i-set-line-width-in-my-maps">
<h2>How do I set line width in my maps?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-set-line-width-in-my-maps" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>In the current MapServer version, line width is set using
the STYLE parameter WIDTH. For a LINE layer, lines can be
made red and 3 pixels wide by using the following style in
a CLASS.</p>
<div class="highlight-mapfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">STYLE</span>
<span class="k">COLOR</span> <span class="mi">255</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">WIDTH</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">END</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>In earlier versions of MapServer , you could set the symbol for the
LAYER to ‘circle’ and then you can set the symbol SIZE to be the
width you want. A ‘circle’ symbol can be defined as</p>
<div class="highlight-mapfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">SYMBOL</span>
<span class="k">NAME</span> <span class="s">'circle'</span>
<span class="k">TYPE</span> <span class="nb">ELLIPSE</span>
<span class="k">FILLED</span> <span class="nb">TRUE</span>
<span class="k">POINTS</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="k">END</span>
<span class="k">END</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="which-image-format-should-i-use">
<h2>Which image format should I use?<a class="headerlink" href="#which-image-format-should-i-use" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Although MapScript can generate the map in any desired image format it is
sufficient to only consider the most prevalent ones: JPEG and PNG.</p>
<p>JPEG is an image format that uses a lossy compression algorithm to reduce an
image’s file size and is mostly used when loss of detail through compression
is either not noticeable or negligible, as in most photos. Maps on the other
hand mainly consist of fine lines and areas solidly filled in one colour,
which is something JPEG is not known for displaying very well. In addition,
maps, unless they include some aerial or satellite imagery, generally only use
very few different colours. JPEG with its 24bit colour depth capable of
displaying around 16.7 million colours is simple not suitable for this
purpose. PNG8 however use an indexed colour palette which can be
optimized for any number (up to 256) of colours which makes them the perfect
solution for icons, logos, charts or maps. The following comparison (generated
file sizes only; not file generation duration) will therefore only include
these two file formats:</p>
<table class="docutils align-default" id="id2">
<caption><span class="caption-text">PNG8 vs. PNG24 Generated Map File Sizes</span><a class="headerlink" href="#id2" title="Link to this table">¶</a></caption>
<thead>
<tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"></th>
<th class="head"><p>PNG8</p></th>
<th class="head"><p>PNG24</p></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Vector Data only</p></td>
<td><p>26kb</p></td>
<td><p>69kb</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-odd"><td><p>Vector Data & Satellite Image coloured</p></td>
<td><p>182kb</p></td>
<td><p>573kb</p></td>
</tr>
<tr class="row-even"><td><p>Vector Data & Satellite Image monochrome</p></td>
<td><p>134kb</p></td>
<td><p>492kb</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p>(results based on an average 630x396 map with various colours, symbols,
labels/annotations etc.)</p>
<p>PNG8 is the clear quantitative winner in terms of generated file sizes for maps with
or without additional monochrome imagery.
If the mapping application however can also display fullcolour aerial or
satellite imagery, the output file format can be changed dynamically to PNG24
to achieve the highest possible image quality.</p>
</section>
<section id="how-do-i-add-a-copyright-notice-on-the-corner-of-my-map">
<h2>How do I add a copyright notice on the corner of my map?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-add-a-copyright-notice-on-the-corner-of-my-map" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>You can use an inline feature, with the <a class="reference internal" href="mapfile/feature.html#feature"><span class="std std-ref">FEATURE</span></a> object, to make
a point on your map. Use the TEXT parameter of the FEATURE object for
the actual text of the notice, and a <a class="reference internal" href="mapfile/label.html#label"><span class="std std-ref">LABEL</span></a> object to style the
notice.</p>
<section id="example-layer">
<h3>Example Layer<a class="headerlink" href="#example-layer" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<div class="highlight-mapfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">LAYER</span>
<span class="k">NAME</span> <span class="s">"copyright"</span>
<span class="k">STATUS</span> <span class="nb">on</span>
<span class="k">TYPE</span> <span class="nb">point</span>
<span class="k">TRANSFORM</span> <span class="nb">ll</span> <span class="c"># set the image origin to be lower left</span>
<span class="k">UNITS</span> <span class="nb">PIXELS</span> <span class="c"># sets the units for the feature object</span>
<span class="k">FEATURE</span>
<span class="k">POINTS</span>
<span class="mi">60</span> <span class="p">-</span><span class="mi">10</span> <span class="c"># the offset (from lower left) in pixels</span>
<span class="k">END</span> <span class="c"># Points</span>
<span class="k">TEXT</span> <span class="s">"© xyz company 2006"</span> <span class="c"># this is your displaying text</span>
<span class="k">END</span> <span class="c"># Feature</span>
<span class="k">CLASS</span>
<span class="k">STYLE</span> <span class="c"># has to have a style</span>
<span class="k">END</span> <span class="c"># style</span>
<span class="k">LABEL</span> <span class="c"># defines the font, colors etc. of the text</span>
<span class="k">FONT</span> <span class="s">"times"</span>
<span class="k">TYPE</span> <span class="nb">truetype</span>
<span class="k">SIZE</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="k">BUFFER</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="k">COLOR</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">FORCE</span> <span class="nb">true</span>
<span class="k">STYLE</span>
<span class="k">GEOMTRANSFORM</span> <span class="s">'labelpoly'</span>
<span class="k">COLOR</span> <span class="mi">255</span> <span class="mi">255</span> <span class="mi">255</span> <span class="c"># white</span>
<span class="k">END</span> <span class="c"># Style</span>
<span class="k">END</span> <span class="c"># Label</span>
<span class="k">END</span> <span class="c"># Class</span>
<span class="k">END</span> <span class="c"># Layer</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="result">
<h3>Result<a class="headerlink" href="#result" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3>
<img alt="_images/copyright-image.png" src="_images/copyright-image.png" />
</section>
</section>
<section id="how-do-i-have-a-polygon-that-has-both-a-fill-and-an-outline-with-a-width">
<h2>How do I have a polygon that has both a fill and an outline with a width?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-do-i-have-a-polygon-that-has-both-a-fill-and-an-outline-with-a-width" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>How do I have a polygon that has both a fill and an outline with a width?
Whenever I put both a color (fill) and an outlinecolor with a width on a
polygon within a single STYLE, the outline width isn’t respected.</p>
<p>For historical reasons, width has two meanings within the context of filling
polygons and stroke widths for the outline. If a polygon is filled, then the
width defines the width of the symbol <em>inside</em> the filled polygon. In this
event, the outline width is disregarded, and it is always set to 1. To achieve
the effect of <em>both</em> a fill and an outline width, you need to use two styles
in your class.</p>
<div class="highlight-mapfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">STYLE</span> <span class="c"># solid fill</span>
<span class="k">COLOR</span> <span class="mi">255</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">END</span>
<span class="k">STYLE</span> <span class="c"># thick outline</span>
<span class="k">OUTLINECOLOR</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="k">WIDTH</span> <span class="mi">3</span>
<span class="k">END</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="which-ogc-specifications-does-mapserver-support">
<h2>Which OGC Specifications does MapServer support?<a class="headerlink" href="#which-ogc-specifications-does-mapserver-support" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>See: <a class="reference internal" href="ogc/ogc_support.html#ogc-support"><span class="std std-ref">MapServer OGC Specification support</span></a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="why-does-my-requested-wms-layer-not-align-correctly">
<h2>Why does my requested WMS layer not align correctly?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-does-my-requested-wms-layer-not-align-correctly" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Requesting a layer from some ArcIMS WMS connectors results in a map with
misaligned data (the aspect ratio of the pixels looks wrong).</p>
<p>Some ArcIMS sites are not set up to stretch the returned image to fit the
requested envelope by default. This results in a map with data layers that
overlay well in the center of the map, but not towards the edges. This can be
solved by adding “<em>reaspect=false</em>” to the request (by tacking it on to the
connection string).</p>
<p>For example, if your mapfile is in a projection other than EPSG:4326, the
following layer will not render correctly:</p>
<div class="highlight-mapfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">LAYER</span>
<span class="k">NAME</span> <span class="s">"hillshade"</span>
<span class="k">TYPE</span> <span class="nb">RASTER</span>
<span class="k">STATUS</span> <span class="nb">OFF</span>
<span class="k">TRANSPARENCY</span> <span class="mi">70</span>
<span class="k">CONNECTIONTYPE</span> <span class="nb">WMS</span>
<span class="k">CONNECTION</span> <span class="s">"http://gisdata.usgs.net:80/servlet19/com.esri.wms.Esrimap/USGS_WMS_NED?"</span>
<span class="k">PROJECTION</span>
<span class="s">"init=epsg:4326"</span>
<span class="k">END</span>
<span class="k">METADATA</span>
<span class="s">"wms_srs"</span> <span class="s">"EPSG:4326"</span>
<span class="s">"wms_title"</span> <span class="s">"US_NED_Shaded_Relief"</span>
<span class="s">"wms_name"</span> <span class="s">"US_NED_Shaded_Relief"</span>
<span class="s">"wms_server_version"</span> <span class="s">"1.1.1"</span>
<span class="s">"wms_format"</span> <span class="s">"image/png"</span>
<span class="k">END</span>
<span class="k">END</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Adding “reaspect=false” to the connection string solves the problem:</p>
<div class="highlight-mapfile notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="k">LAYER</span>
<span class="k">NAME</span> <span class="s">"hillshade"</span>
<span class="k">TYPE</span> <span class="nb">RASTER</span>
<span class="k">STATUS</span> <span class="nb">OFF</span>
<span class="k">TRANSPARENCY</span> <span class="mi">70</span>
<span class="k">CONNECTIONTYPE</span> <span class="nb">WMS</span>
<span class="k">CONNECTION</span> <span class="s">"http://gisdata.usgs.net:80/servlet19/com.esri.wms.Esrimap/USGS_WMS_NED?reaspect=false"</span>
<span class="k">PROJECTION</span>
<span class="s">"init=epsg:4326"</span>
<span class="k">END</span>
<span class="k">METADATA</span>
<span class="s">"wms_srs"</span> <span class="s">"EPSG:4326"</span>
<span class="s">"wms_title"</span> <span class="s">"US_NED_Shaded_Relief"</span>
<span class="s">"wms_name"</span> <span class="s">"US_NED_Shaded_Relief"</span>
<span class="s">"wms_server_version"</span> <span class="s">"1.1.1"</span>
<span class="s">"wms_format"</span> <span class="s">"image/png"</span>
<span class="k">END</span>
<span class="k">END</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="when-i-do-a-getcapabilities-why-does-my-browser-want-to-download-mapserv-exe-mapserv">
<h2>When I do a GetCapabilities, why does my browser want to download mapserv.exe/mapserv?<a class="headerlink" href="#when-i-do-a-getcapabilities-why-does-my-browser-want-to-download-mapserv-exe-mapserv" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>A beginner question here… I’m new to MS and to Apache. I’ve got MS4W up and
running with the Itasca demo. Now I want to enable it as a WMS server. mapserv
-v at the command line tells me it supports WMS_SERVER. When I point my
browser to it, my browser just wants to download mapserv.exe!</p>
<p>What am I missing?</p>
<p>Here is the URL I’m using to issue a GetCapabilities WMS request:
<a class="reference external" href="http://localhost/cgi-bin/mapserv.exe?map=../htdocs/itasca/demo.map&SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.1&REQUEST=GetCapabilities">http://localhost/cgi-bin/mapserv.exe?map=../htdocs/itasca/demo.map&SERVICE=WMS&VERSION=1.1.1&REQUEST=GetCapabilities</a></p>
<p>The OGC:WMS 1.1.0 and 1.1.1 specifications (which are both supported by
MapServer) state that, for GetCapabilities responses, the OGC:WMS server
returns a specific MIME type (i.e. application/vnd.ogc.xml (see subclause
6.5.3 of <a class="reference external" href="https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=1081&version=1&format=pdf">OGC:WMS 1.1.1</a>.</p>
<p>A MIME type is passed from the web server to the client (in your case, a web
browser), from which a client can decide how to process it.</p>
<p>Example 1: if using a web browser, if a web server returns an HTTP Header of
“Content-type:image/png”, then the web browser will know that this is a PNG
image and display it accordingly.</p>
<p>Example 2: if using a web browser, if a web server returns an HTTP Header of
“Content-type:text/html”, then the web browser will know that this is an HTML
page and display it accordingly (i.e. tables, divs, etc.)</p>
<p>Basically, what is happening is that the OGC:WMS is returning, in the headers
of the HTTP response, a MIME type which your web browser does not understand,
which usually prompts a dialog box on whether to open or download the content
(i.e. Content-type:application/vnd.ogc.wms_xml).</p>
<p>You could configure your web browser to handle the application/vnd.ogc.wms_xml
MIME type a certain way (i.e. open in Notepad, etc.).</p>
</section>
<section id="why-do-my-wms-getmap-requests-return-exception-using-mapserver-5-0">
<h2>Why do my WMS GetMap requests return exception using MapServer 5.0?<a class="headerlink" href="#why-do-my-wms-getmap-requests-return-exception-using-mapserver-5-0" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Before upgrading to MapServer 5.0, I was able to do quick GetMap tests in the
form of:
<a class="reference external" href="http://wms.example.com/wms?service=WMS&version=1.1.1&request=GetMap&layers=foo">http://wms.example.com/wms?service=WMS&version=1.1.1&request=GetMap&layers=foo</a></p>
<p>Now when I try the same test, MapServer WMS returns an XML document saying
something about missing required parameters. What’s going on here?</p>
<p>This was a major change for WMS Server support in MapServer 5.0. MapServer WMS
Server GetMap requests now require the following additional parameters:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p>srs</p></li>
<li><p>bbox</p></li>
<li><p>width</p></li>
<li><p>height</p></li>
<li><p>format</p></li>
<li><p>styles</p></li>
</ul>
<div class="admonition note">
<p class="admonition-title">Note</p>
<p>These parameters were always required in all versions of the WMS
specification, but MapServer previously had not required them in a client
request (even though most OGC WMS clients would issue them anyway to be
consistent with the WMS spec).</p>
</div>
<p>The request below now constitutes a valid GetMap request:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>http://wms.example.com/wms?service=WMS&version=1.1.1&request=GetMap&layers=foo&srs=EPSG:4326&bbox=-180,-90,180,90&format=image/png&width=400&height=300&styles=default
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Which is consistent with the WMS specification.</p>
<p>More information on these parameters can be found in the <a class="reference internal" href="ogc/wms_server.html#wms-server"><span class="std std-ref">WMS Server</span></a> and
the <a class="reference external" href="https://portal.ogc.org/files/?artifact_id=1081&version=1&format=pdf">OGC WMS 1.1.1 specification</a></p>
<p>For more detailed information, see <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/MapServer/MapServer/issues/1088">ticket 1088</a></p>
<div class="admonition warning">
<p class="admonition-title">Warning</p>
<p>STYLES, though a required WMS parameter, is now optional again in
MapServer. For more detailed information, see <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/MapServer/MapServer/issues/2427">ticket 2427</a></p>
</div>
</section>
<section id="using-mapserver-6-0-why-don-t-my-layers-show-up-in-getcapabilities-responses-or-are-not-found-anymore">
<h2>Using MapServer 6.0, why don’t my layers show up in GetCapabilities responses or are not found anymore?<a class="headerlink" href="#using-mapserver-6-0-why-don-t-my-layers-show-up-in-getcapabilities-responses-or-are-not-found-anymore" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>MapServer 6.0 introduces the option of hiding layers against OGC Web Service
requests. OGC Web Services can provide powerful access to your geospatial
data. It was decided to disable layer level request access as a default. See
<a class="reference internal" href="development/rfc/ms-rfc-67.html#rfc67"><span class="std std-ref">MS RFC 67: Enable/Disable Layers in OGC Web Services</span></a> provides a full explanation of the changes and implications.</p>
<p>To enable pre-6.0 behaviour, you can add the following to the <a class="reference internal" href="mapfile/web.html#web"><span class="std std-ref">WEB</span></a> object’s METADATA section in your
mapfile:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="s2">"ows_enable_request"</span> <span class="s2">"*"</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>This will enable access of all layers to all OGC Web Service requests.</p>
</section>
<section id="where-do-i-find-my-epsg-code">
<h2>Where do I find my EPSG code?<a class="headerlink" href="#where-do-i-find-my-epsg-code" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>For PROJ version >= 6, there is a SQLite database <em>proj.db</em> in your PROJ
installation (e.g. <cite>/usr/local/share/proj/proj.db</cite>) which contain the EPSG
information used by PROJ. On Windows, <a class="reference external" href="https://ms4w.com">MS4W</a> version >= 5 users
can find the <em>proj.db</em> file at <cite>/ms4w/share/proj/</cite>, or it can be generally found
with an environment variable called <em>PROJ_DATA</em>.</p>
<p>For PROJ version < 6, there is a text file <em>epsg</em>
in that same shared location. On Windows, <a class="reference external" href="https://ms4w.com">MS4W</a> version < 5 users
can find the epsg file at C:\ms4w\proj\nad, or it can be generally found
with an environment variable called <em>PROJ_LIB</em>.</p>
<p><a class="reference external" href="https://spatialreference.org">https://spatialreference.org</a> (recommended) and <a class="reference external" href="https://epsg.io/">https://epsg.io/</a>
allow you to search for EPSG codes.</p>
<p>More information on EPSG (which also now contains a text or map search for
EPSG codes) : <a class="reference external" href="https://epsg.org/home.html">https://epsg.org/home.html</a></p>
<p>More information on PROJ:
<a class="reference external" href="https://proj.org/">https://proj.org/</a></p>
</section>
<section id="how-can-i-reproject-my-data-using-ogr2ogr">
<h2>How can I reproject my data using ogr2ogr?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-i-reproject-my-data-using-ogr2ogr" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>With ogr2ogr of course! ogr2ogr is a powerful utility that will transform the
projections of your shapefiles when passed the appropriate parameters. In my
case, I was using MapServer to serve data in RI State Plane Feet. In order to
do so, the data had to first be converted to meters. Here is the command I
used:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ogr2ogr</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t_srs</span> <span class="n">EPSG</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">32130</span> <span class="n">output</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shp</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shp</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Since my data already had a projection defined, I did not need to explicitly
state a source projection. This command uses the EPSG definition for NAD83
Rhode Island (32130) and performs the feet to meters conversion.</p>
<p>Now say my data wasn’t already projected? Here’s how we deal with that:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">ogr2ogr</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">s_srs</span> <span class="s2">"+proj=tmerc +lat_0=41.08333333333334 +lon_0=-71.5 +k=0.999994 +x_0=100000 +y_0=0 +ellps=GRS80 +datum=NAD83 +to_meter=0.3408 +no_defs"</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t_srs</span> <span class="n">EPSG</span><span class="p">:</span><span class="mi">32130</span> <span class="n">output</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shp</span> <span class="nb">input</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">shp</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Let’s examine what is going on here:</p>
<p>The -s_srs parameter explicitly defines a projection for the data. The
parameters used here were taken out of the EPSG definition (in this case,
32130) in the epsg file (see the previous FAQ for more details on locating
EPSG definitions). The entry for RI in the epsg file is as follows:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># NAD83 / Rhode Island</span>
<span class="o"><</span><span class="mi">32130</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">proj</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">tmerc</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">lat_0</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">41.08333333333334</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">lon_0</span><span class="o">=-</span><span class="mf">71.5</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">k</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mf">0.999994</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">x_0</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">100000</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">y_0</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">0</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">ellps</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">GRS80</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">datum</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">NAD83</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">units</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">m</span> <span class="o">+</span><span class="n">no_defs</span> <span class="n">no_defs</span> <span class="o"><></span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can see how the definition in the initial command is formulated. Notice
that the “+units=m” parameter has been changed to “+to_meter=0.3408”. This is
important for the conversion. Where did the value of 0.3408 come from you ask?
From the EPSG file! It has many goodies buried in it so by simply running
‘grep “to_meter” epsg’ you can refresh your memory if you need to.</p>
<p>The next parameter in the command is “-t_srs EPSG:32130”. This command tells
ogr2ogr to transform the data to the EPSG code of 32130. After this is
declared, all you need to do is declare a file name for your new shape file
and to set which file is being used as the input (note: make sure you don’t
confuse the order of these two).</p>
<p>Hit enter, bombs away, and enjoy your new data in meters!</p>
</section>
<section id="how-can-i-help-improve-the-documentation-on-this-site">
<h2>How can I help improve the documentation on this site?<a class="headerlink" href="#how-can-i-help-improve-the-documentation-on-this-site" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>New documentation material and corrections to existing documentation
are definitely very welcome. These contributions are handled through
the same issue tracker used to track software bugs and enhancements.</p>
<p>Follow the directions for submitting bugs at:
<a class="reference external" href="https://mapserver.org/development/bugs.html">https://mapserver.org/development/bugs.html</a>.
When creating a ticket, in the Component field, select <cite>MapServer
Documentation</cite>. If our ticket pertains to a specific web page, please
include the URL to that page.</p>
<p>If you have tips or examples that don’t really fit the definition of
documentation, a good place to put them is the MapServer wiki at:
<a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/MapServer/MapServer/wiki">https://github.com/MapServer/MapServer/wiki</a></p>
</section>
<section id="what-s-with-mapserver-s-logo">
<h2>What’s with MapServer’s logo?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-s-with-mapserver-s-logo" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The MapServer logo illustrates the confluence of the <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_River">Minnesota</a> and <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi_River">Mississippi</a>
rivers, quite near to the home of the <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota#St._Paul_campus">St. Paul Campus</a> of the <a class="reference external" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Minnesota">University of Minnesota</a>, which
was the <a class="reference external" href="https://lists.osgeo.org/pipermail/mapserver-dev/2009-December/009435.html">birthplace of MapServer</a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="is-mapserver-free-for-commercial-use">
<h2>Is MapServer free for commercial use?<a class="headerlink" href="#is-mapserver-free-for-commercial-use" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>Yes, MapServer is free for both commercial and non-commercial use. It is released
under an MIT-style <a class="reference internal" href="copyright.html#license"><span class="std std-ref">license</span></a>, which allows for free use, modification,
and distribution, including for commercial purposes. In general, The MIT license
is a widely used, permissive Open Source license, known for its simplicity and
flexibility.</p>
</section>
<section id="what-versions-of-mapserver-will-be-patched-for-security-vulnerabilities">
<h2>What versions of MapServer will be patched for security vulnerabilities?<a class="headerlink" href="#what-versions-of-mapserver-will-be-patched-for-security-vulnerabilities" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2>
<p>The MapServer team will provide security patches for the two most recent release series.
Patches will be provided for a period of three years from the release date of the current series.
Review the MapServer <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/MapServer/MapServer/blob/main/SECURITY.md">Security Policy</a>
for more details.</p>
</section>
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<h3>Current Table Of Contents</h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">FAQ</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#where-is-the-mapserver-log-file">Where is the MapServer log file?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-books-are-available-about-mapserver">What books are available about MapServer?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-compile-mapserver-for-windows">How do I compile MapServer for Windows?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-do-mapserver-version-numbers-mean">What do MapServer version numbers mean?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#is-mapserver-thread-safe">Is MapServer Thread-safe?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-does-status-mean-in-a-layer">What does STATUS mean in a LAYER?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-can-i-make-my-maps-run-faster">How can I make my maps run faster?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-does-polyline-mean-in-mapserver">What does Polyline mean in MapServer?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-is-mapscript">What is MapScript?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#does-mapserver-support-reverse-geocoding">Does MapServer support reverse geocoding?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#does-mapserver-support-geocoding">Does MapServer support geocoding?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-set-line-width-in-my-maps">How do I set line width in my maps?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#which-image-format-should-i-use">Which image format should I use?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-add-a-copyright-notice-on-the-corner-of-my-map">How do I add a copyright notice on the corner of my map?</a><ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-do-i-have-a-polygon-that-has-both-a-fill-and-an-outline-with-a-width">How do I have a polygon that has both a fill and an outline with a width?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#which-ogc-specifications-does-mapserver-support">Which OGC Specifications does MapServer support?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#why-does-my-requested-wms-layer-not-align-correctly">Why does my requested WMS layer not align correctly?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#when-i-do-a-getcapabilities-why-does-my-browser-want-to-download-mapserv-exe-mapserv">When I do a GetCapabilities, why does my browser want to download mapserv.exe/mapserv?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#why-do-my-wms-getmap-requests-return-exception-using-mapserver-5-0">Why do my WMS GetMap requests return exception using MapServer 5.0?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-mapserver-6-0-why-don-t-my-layers-show-up-in-getcapabilities-responses-or-are-not-found-anymore">Using MapServer 6.0, why don’t my layers show up in GetCapabilities responses or are not found anymore?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#where-do-i-find-my-epsg-code">Where do I find my EPSG code?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-can-i-reproject-my-data-using-ogr2ogr">How can I reproject my data using ogr2ogr?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#how-can-i-help-improve-the-documentation-on-this-site">How can I help improve the documentation on this site?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-s-with-mapserver-s-logo">What’s with MapServer’s logo?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#is-mapserver-free-for-commercial-use">Is MapServer free for commercial use?</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#what-versions-of-mapserver-will-be-patched-for-security-vulnerabilities">What versions of MapServer will be patched for security vulnerabilities?</a></li>
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