sources.json

{
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "van_den_hoek_2024",
      "citation": "van den Hoek, D.J., Beaumont, P.L., van den Hoek, A.K., Owen, P.J., Garrett, J.M., Buhmann, R., & Latella, C. (2024). Normative data for the squat, bench press and deadlift exercises in powerlifting: Data from 809,986 competition entries. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39060209/",
      "type": "peer_reviewed",
      "sampleSize": 809986
    },
    {
      "id": "mangine_2020",
      "citation": "Mangine, G.T. et al. (2020). Determination of a CrossFit Benchmark Performance Profile. International Journal of Exercise Science.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8228530/",
      "type": "peer_reviewed",
      "sampleSize": 162
    },
    {
      "id": "mangine_2023",
      "citation": "Mangine, G.T., Grundlingh, N., & Feito, Y. (2023). Normative scores for CrossFit Open workouts: 2011-2022. Sports, 11(2), 24.",
      "url": "https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9960888/",
      "type": "peer_reviewed",
      "sampleSize": 569607
    },
    {
      "id": "kilgore_2023",
      "citation": "Kilgore, L. (2023). Lon Kilgore Strength Standard Tables.",
      "url": "http://lonkilgore.com/resources/Lon_Kilgore_Strength_Standard_Tables-Copyright-2023.pdf",
      "type": "published_standard"
    },
    {
      "id": "concept2_rankings",
      "citation": "Concept2 Logbook World Rankings (2025 season data).",
      "url": "https://log.concept2.com/rankings",
      "type": "public_database"
    },
    {
      "id": "runninglevel",
      "citation": "RunningLevel.com race time standards. Based on 1,000,000+ race results.",
      "url": "https://runninglevel.com",
      "type": "public_database",
      "sampleSize": 1000000
    },
    {
      "id": "acsm_guidelines",
      "citation": "ACSM's Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription. American College of Sports Medicine.",
      "type": "professional_standard"
    },
    {
      "id": "cooper_institute",
      "citation": "Physical Fitness Specialist Certification Manual. The Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research, Dallas TX (1997).",
      "type": "professional_standard"
    },
    {
      "id": "military_pft",
      "citation": "U.S. Military Physical Fitness Test Standards. Department of Defense (public domain).",
      "type": "government_standard"
    },
    {
      "id": "strengthlevel",
      "citation": "StrengthLevel.com exercise standards. Community-sourced performance data.",
      "url": "https://strengthlevel.com",
      "type": "community_database"
    },
    {
      "id": "catalyst_athletics",
      "citation": "Everett, G. (2018). Olympic Weightlifting Skill Levels Chart. Catalyst Athletics.",
      "url": "https://www.catalystathletics.com/article/1836/Olympic-Weightlifting-Skill-Levels-Chart/",
      "type": "published_standard"
    },
    {
      "id": "butcher_2018",
      "citation": "Butcher, S.J. et al. (2018). Normative Values for Self-Reported Benchmark Workout Scores in CrossFit Practitioners. Sports Medicine - Open.",
      "url": "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s40798-018-0156-x",
      "type": "peer_reviewed"
    },
    {
      "id": "crossfit_open_analysis",
      "citation": "CrossFit Open Workout Analysis articles (various years). CrossFit Games.",
      "url": "https://games.crossfit.com",
      "type": "official_data"
    },
    {
      "id": "crossfit_liftoff",
      "citation": "CrossFit Liftoff percentile data (2015). CrossFit Games.",
      "url": "https://games.crossfit.com/article/liftoff-data",
      "type": "official_data"
    },
    {
      "id": "rikli_jones_2013",
      "citation": "Rikli, R.E. & Jones, C.J. (2013). Senior Fitness Test Manual. 2nd Ed. Human Kinetics.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1123/9781450460361",
      "type": "professional_standard",
      "notes": "Defines the 30-second chair stand test. Used globally in clinical and rehab settings for functional fitness assessment in older adults and deconditioned populations."
    },
    {
      "id": "nsca_essentials_2016",
      "citation": "Haff, G.G. & Triplett, N.T. (Eds.) (2016). Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning. 4th Ed. National Strength and Conditioning Association. Human Kinetics.",
      "type": "professional_standard",
      "notes": "Standard reference for exercise progression and regression principles, push-up progressions, and foundational movement patterns."
    },
    {
      "id": "who_physical_activity_2020",
      "citation": "World Health Organization (2020). WHO Guidelines on Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour. Geneva: WHO.",
      "url": "https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240015128",
      "type": "government_standard",
      "notes": "Sets global minimum physical activity recommendations. Relevant for walk/run progression baseline thresholds."
    },
    {
      "id": "mcgill_2015",
      "citation": "McGill, S.M., Belore, M., Crosby, I., & Russell, C. (2015). Clinical tools to quantify torso flexion endurance: normative data from student and firefighter populations. Occupational Ergonomics, 12(2), 59-66.",
      "type": "peer_reviewed",
      "notes": "Provides normative plank hold durations for healthy populations. Used to set Foundation Milestone core endurance criteria."
    },
    {
      "id": "bohannon_2019",
      "citation": "Bohannon, R.W. (2019). Grip Strength: An Indispensable Biomarker For Older Adults. Clinical Interventions in Aging, 14, 1681-1691.",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S194543",
      "type": "peer_reviewed",
      "notes": "Establishes grip strength and hanging capacity as functional health markers. Supports dead hang and farmer's carry as foundation assessments."
    },
    {
      "id": "chodzko_zajko_2009",
      "citation": "Chodzko-Zajko, W.J. et al. (2009). Exercise and Physical Activity for Older Adults. ACSM Position Stand. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41(7), 1510-1530.",
      "type": "peer_reviewed",
      "notes": "Foundational clinical guidelines for exercise prescription in older adults. Recommends low initial intensity with gradual progression."
    },
    {
      "id": "fragala_2019",
      "citation": "Fragala, M.S. et al. (2019). Resistance Training for Older Adults: Position Statement From the National Strength and Conditioning Association. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(8).",
      "type": "peer_reviewed",
      "notes": "NSCA position statement on resistance training for older adults. Recommends starting with 1 set of 8-10 exercises at low intensity, progressing no more than once every 4 weeks."
    },
    {
      "id": "jones_rikli_1999",
      "citation": "Jones, C.J., Rikli, R.E., & Beam, W.C. (1999). A 30-s Chair-Stand Test as a Measure of Lower Body Strength in Community-Residing Older Adults. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 70(2), 113-119.",
      "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10380242/",
      "type": "peer_reviewed",
      "notes": "Validation study for the 30-second chair stand test. Test-retest reliability r=0.89. Normative data for ages 60-94 across 7,183 participants."
    },
    {
      "id": "strand_2014",
      "citation": "Strand, S.L., Hjelm, J., Shoepe, T.C., & Fajardo, M.A. (2014). Norms for an Isometric Muscle Endurance Test. Journal of Human Kinetics, 40, 93-102.",
      "type": "peer_reviewed",
      "sampleSize": 471,
      "notes": "Normative plank hold and core endurance data for healthy adults. Provides percentile rankings for isometric endurance tests."
    }
  ]
}