-
Notifications
You must be signed in to change notification settings - Fork 0
Expand file tree
/
Copy pathSeason2.cpp
More file actions
1383 lines (858 loc) · 36.2 KB
/
Season2.cpp
File metadata and controls
1383 lines (858 loc) · 36.2 KB
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
// In The Name Of God
// Season 2:
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas Function:
// Toye Function statement hayi vojud darad ke ya haman code hayi vojud darad ke
// Az bala ta payin be tartib ejra mishavand ke Hadaf ( Goal ) moshakhasi darand
// Va ghabeliyat estefade mojadad darand ( Reusibility )
// Ghablan ham goftam mohemtarin function main() hast hatman bayad bashe
// Dar zaban C++ hamishe ejraye Function az main() start mishe
// Tabe' ya haman Function main() noghte shoru barname hast va avvalin tabe' ast ke ejra mishe
// Sayer Function ha dar sorati ejra mishavand ke az dakhel main() ya az Function digar farakhani (Call) shavand
// Nokte! : Agar Tabe' digari tarif shode bashe vali dar main()ya tabe' digari farakhani nashavand hargez ejra nemishe
//********************* */
// Question: Aslan chera Function haye dige dar barname ijad mikonim be che dardi mikhore ???
// Agar barname ma har cheghadr bozorg tar bozorg tar beshe hameye code haro dar Function main()
// Gharar bedim modiriyat code hamon sakht tar mikone va khanayi code hamon payin miyavarad
// Mitunim ba Funcion barname mon ro be bakhsh haye kochektari beshkonim be in sorat sazmandegi va ya test va sayer ....
// Rahat tar mikone
//********************* */
// Ye seri Function ha az ghabl taris shode va amade estefade ast
// Va khodemun ham mitunim Function haye khodemun ro tarif vaestefade konim
// Be Function hayi ke tavasot khodemun ijad mishe migan : user-defined-function
//********************* */
// Syntax Function:
// Ebteda bayad return type moshakhas shavad va ba yek identifier() va baad ham Bracket korushe {}
// Ke daron Bracket statement hamon ya haman code hamon gharar migire
/* Type identifier()
{
} */
// Dakhek korushe mishe: Body Function ya haman Badane Function
//********************* */
// Mabhas Void:
// void ke return-type Function hast ke hich bazgashti nadarad
// Tabe' void dar C++ be ma'naye tabeyi hast ke hich meghdari bazgasht (return) nemide
//********************* */
// Chera az Function void estefade mishavad va dar koja ha bishtar estefade mishavad:
// Baraye functioni ke hadaf anha anjam amaliyat ast (Mesl chap yek payam ya Taghir vaziyat barname)
// Va niyazi be baz gardani meghdar nist
//********************* */
// Mesal codi (Sahih va Ghalat):
/* #include <iostream>
void mamad()
{
return; // In doruste
}
void ali()
{
return 5; // Error mide chon void hich meghdar bazgashti nadard
} */
//******************************************************************* */
// Mesal codi:
// In code Trace kon dar Visual Stadiu bebin CPU chejuri inaro khat be khat ejra mikone mohemeee
/* #include <iostream>
void planA();
void planB();
int main()
{
std::cout << "Start main()\n";
planA();
std::cout << "Ending main()";
}
void planA()
{
std::cout << "Start A\n";
planB();
std::cout << "Ending A\n";
}
void planB()
{
std::cout << "Start B\n";
} */
// Fargh code bala ba payini:
// Dar in code on Function hayi ke Farakhani (Call) shode bala tar gharar migiran ta ejra shan
// Vali dar balayi faghat balaye main() (Declare) e'lan kardam kar konan
/* #include <iostream>
void planB()
{
std::cout << "Start B\n";
}
void planA()
{
std::cout << "Start A\n";
planB();
std::cout << "Ending A\n";
}
int main()
{
std::cout << "Start main()\n";
planA();
std::cout << "Ending main()";
} */
// Lambda Function:
#include <iostream>
void print();
int main() {
print();
return 0;
}
void print() {
// Lambda Function:
auto num = [] () {
int x = 5;
return x;
};
std::cout << "Lambda: " << num() << '\n';
return;
}
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas Bazgardandane Khoruji:
// Mikhaym ye barname benevisim ke adad az karbar begire tabdil kone be 2x kone
// Ba estefade az function
/* #include <iostream>
int getNumber()
{
int x;
std::cout << "Enter your Number: ";
std::cin >> x;
return x;
}
int main()
{
int y = getNumber();
std::cout << "Your Number is: " << y * 2;
return 0;
} */
// Dar in code bala ye function az returntype int ijad kardim
// ke meghdari ra be ma baz migardanad ( return x; )
// Variable hayi ke dar dakhel yek function ijad mishe faghat dar on function
// Ijad shode dast rast hast
// Kolan 2 model function darim az noe (void va int,float,string......)
// Agar dar function hayi ke meghdar ro barmigardone
// return; injuri khali bashe moshkel (Undefined Behavior) vojud miyare (UB)
// va Agar return; dasti benevisim dar on function bad on return hich codi ejra nemishe bad on return !!!!!!!!
/* #include <iostream>
void test(int x)
{
std::cout << "Hi";
return;
std::cin >> x;
} */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas Parameter va Argument:
// Khob mikham ye barname benevisam ba estefade az Parameter va Argument
// Ke az karbar adad begire dar ye function va dar ye function chap anjam she on adad bayad 2x beshe
// Ba deghat negah kon bebin mikham chika konam
/* #include <iostream>
#include <string>
int getNumber(int num) // Be ini ke toye parantez ( *** ) neveshte mishe migan parameter
// Ke chand model parameter mitunim benevisim Variable haye mokhtalef
// int , char , float , double , string
{
std::cout << "Enter your Number: ";
std::cin >> num;
return num;
}
void printer(int y) // Inam mesl on balayi ke tozih dadam parameter hast
{
std::cout << "Your number is: " << y * 2;
return;
}
int main()
{
int x = getNumber(x); // Hala toye in parantez (x) ke gharar gerfte Argument hast esmesh
// Va kamelan ham eshtebah hast Undefined Behavior rokh mide chon malom nist x chiye ke mitunim 0 ghrar bedim
// int x = getNumber(0);
printer(x); // Inam argument hast ke miad meghdar getNumber mide be Function printer(x)
return 0;
} */
/************************************************ */
/* #include <iostream>
#include <string>
int getNumber()
{
int num;
std::cout << "Enter your Number: ";
std::cin >> num;
return num;
}
void printer(int y)
{
std::cout << "Your number is: " << y * 2;
return;
}
int main()
{
int x = getNumber();
printer(x);
return 0;
} */
/************************************************ */
// In code payini behtar az on balayi hast avvalie manzurame
/* #include <iostream>
#include <string>
int getNumber(int num)
{
std::cout << "Enter your Number: ";
std::cin >> num;
return num;
}
void printer(int y)
{
std::cout << "Your number is: " << y * 2;
return;
}
int main()
{
int x = getNumber(0);
printer(x);
return 0;
} */
// Chand ta so'al tozih bedim:
// Meghdar Parameter az koja miad ?
// Tavasot Caller
// Nokte: har agar parameter ma masalan injurie (int x, float y , std::string k);
// Argument bayad be tartib in bashe mesal (5 , 2.41 , "Salam");
// Dar Argument ham mitunim Function seda bezanim mesal codi benezanm:
/* #include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
std::string funce(){
std::string x;
std::cout << "Enter your name: ";
std::getline(std::cin , x);
return x;
}
void bakh(string x)
{
std::cout << "Your Name is: " << x;
return;
}
int main()
{
bakh(funce()); // Mesl in :)
return 0;
} */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas ( Local Variables ):
// Be Variable hayi gofte mishavad ke dakhel yek function neveshte mishavad
// Ya dakhel Parameter on Function mesal:
/* int main(int y) // Local Variables
{
int x; // Local Variables
} */
// Tarif ( Local Variable ) ? Shamel 2 mored hast:
// Parameter yek function va Variables ke daron yek function tarif mishavad
// Yek bahs ( Life Time ) hast vojud darad:
// Be zaban sade tol omr yek Variable
// Ke 1 Variable koja ijad mishe va ta koja edame darad va koja tamom mishe
// Mesal negah:
/* int main()
{
int x; // Inja iajad mishe taaa...
return 0;
} */ // In Variable inja tamom mishe dg dar hale runtime
// 2 mored ejrayi darim:
// runTime : runtime zamani ast ke barname dar hal ejra hast
// CompileTime : Compiletime zamani ast ke code ma dar hale tabdil shodan be ejraye mashin hast
// Lifetime dar zaman runtime etefagh mioftad
// Lifetime == runtime
// Hata 1000 Line am code dar dakhel on Function ke Variables neveshtim dashte bashim
// In Variable ta compiler be bracket akhari nareside bashe on Variable zende ast };
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// In code ye tahgig kon chera Variable kharej az function vali kar mikone toye function
// #include <iostream>
// int x = 5;
// int main()
// {
// std::cout << x;
// }
// In int x = 5;
// baraye global hast dar ayande bahash kar darim
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas Scope OR Local Scope
// Scope: Yek Identifier moshakhas mikonad ke on Identifier dar koja ghabel dastras hast va gabel estefade hast
// Har vaght goftim ( Inscope ) yani felaan Variable ya felaan Identifier dar dastras hast
// Hala bar aks
// Har vaght goftim ( out of scope ) yani felaan Variable ya felaan Identifier az dastras kharej hast va ghabel estefade nist
// Hala in ( Scope ) marbod be Compiletime hast
// Moghe Compiletime etefagh mioftad
// Age ma biaym yek Variable ya Identifier ke ( out of scope ) bashe kharej az dastras bashe
// In Compiletime miad error mide in Variable ya Identifier ro nadarim ghabel dast ras nist
// Yek mesal bezanm az ( inscope ) va out of ( scope ) ke chejurie
/* int myfunction(int x){
// ********* inscope *********
} */ // ********* out of scope *********
// ( inscope ) faghat dakhel on on function ke tarif shode mitune estefade kon kharej az on ( out of scope ) mishe
// Ye mesal dige
// ********* out of scope *********
/* int main() // ********* out of scope *********
{
int x;
// ********* Inscope *********
} */ // ********* out of scope *********
// Yek nokte mohem harjaye on function ya global mituni Variable tarif koni harja lazem shod
// Mohem nist bala bashe ya payin
// Mesal:
/* #include <iostream>
int main()
{
std::cout << "Enter your Name: ";
int x; // Harja lazem dashti tarif kon hatman nabayad bala ya payin tarif koni harja dos dari va lazem hast
std::cin >> x;
int y; // Harja lazem bod ******
y = 5;
std::cout << y;
return 0;
} */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas: Chera Function ha mofid hastan ?
// So'ali ke baraye aksare C++ kara pish miad:
// Aya mishe hameye code hamon ro toye yek function benevis hamon main() ?
// Bayad begam bale mishe vali dar project haye bozorg modiriyat code ha Sazmandehi shon
// Doshvar mishe baraye hamin code hamon taghsim bandi mikonim be Function ha
// Modularity ماژولار taghsim bandi code ha
//Function ha daraye ( Reusibility ) hastan yani estefade mojadad ma mitunin function mored nazar
// Harchand bar bekhaym dar jahaye mokhtalef estefade konim chand bar estefade konim
// Mored badi ( Extensibility ) hastesh:
// Be ma emkan mide dar barname khodemun Features ezafe konim hamon taghirat ya vizhegi
// dar yek function ijad mikonim dige lazem kol barname berizim be ham
// Ye chizi hast be name ( Abstraction ) ke ma daron function midonim maslan in code ma vorudi migire khoruji mide
// Vali az posht parde on khabar nadarim
// Ye chiz jaleb dar cout or cin az ina estefade mikonim dige >> AND << midunesti ina Operator mahsob mishan
// Stream Insertion
// Stream Extraction
// Va az posht parde ina khabar nadarim
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas Cheghone az Function ha be dorusti estefade konim?
// Yeki az mohem tarin bahs ha ine ke key va koja be dorusti az Function estefade konim
// Khob agar dar hale code nevisi didam yeja mashghon hey copy paste hastam
// Biaym ono dar yek Function benevisim va on Function ro Call konim harja dos darim estefade konim
// Va ya agar dar barname heyn gerftan vorudi az karbar hastim kheyli jaha darim az karbar
// Input migirim baiym baraye on Function tarif konim Caller konim
// Agar dar yek Function bishtar code nevestim masalan bishtar az 20Line OR 30Line
// Baraye inke sholugh nashe ya pichide nashe va Sazmandehi rahat tari dashte bashim biaym on Function beshkonim
// Be Function haye Kocheck tari
// Ye mesal bezanim: Ma mikhaym ye barname benevisim adad az kochektar be bozorgtar tartib kone
// Va chap koneeee
// Khob inja 2 kar shod ham tartib shod ham chap kon
// Khob mitunim dar yek function adad tartib konim
// Dar yek Function dige ham chap
// Behtar dar har Function 1 kar anjam shavad **
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas Forward Declaration:
// Ma 2 ta mored darim be name Define va Declare
// In Forward Declatarion man hamishe estefade mikonam ( e'lam kardane )
// Khob in Forward Decelaration chiye ke man hamishe estefade mikonam
// Hamon e'lam kardane
// Khob ma goftim Compiler code maro az bala be payin Compile mikone dorust? Afarin
// Khob age int main() bala benevisim
// Va ye function dakhel main caller konim
// Ke on Function payin main gharar dare
// Compiler Error mide
// Code payini ba deghat negah kon kar nemikone chon
// mamad() nemishnase mige e'lam nakardin Declare nashode rah hal chiye?
/* #include <iostream>
int main()
{
mamad();
return 0;
}
void mamad(){
std::cout << "Hello World";
return;
} */
// Khob 2 ta rah hal dare :
// Avvalin rah hal ine ke mamad() bala tar az function main() benevisim
// Yani avval Function mamad() payinesh main()
// Compiler ke az bala be payin compile mikone beshnase
// Vali in rah tosiye aslan nemishe va dar hameja ham nemishe estefade kard chera?
// Chon agar ma dar codemun 2 ta function dashte bashim maslan
// Function a()
// Function b()
// Toye function a() biaym function b() ro caller konim va hamintor toye
// Function b() baiym function a() ro caller konim va har kodum balaye ham bashan error declared mide
// Aslan kar nemikone
// Pas mirim rah hal dovvom
// Rah hal dovvom chiye:
// Bayad az Forward Declaration estefade konim
// To in code payin yek Identifier chap va getValue darim mikhaym piyade sazi in ro ghabl az Define shodan Declare konim
// code kami pichide neveshtam vali khob behtar shod
/* #include <iostream>
int getValue(); //Declare OR // Function prototype
void mamad(int x); //Declare // Function prototype
// in void mamad() chon Parameter dare bayad onam dar hale Declare kardan benevisi int x ya khod int
// Ham benevisi mishe lazem nist Identifier sho benevisi agar 2 ta bod bayad 2 tasham benevisi
// mesal: void mamad(int x , int y);
int main()
{
int x = getValue();
mamad(x);
return 0;
}
int getValue()
{
int age;
std::cout << "Sen khod ra vared kon: ";
std::cin >> age;
return age;
}
void mamad(int x)
{
std::cout << "Your Age is: " << x;
return;
} */
// Be onayi ke Declare mikonim
// Migan ( Function prototype )
// In mabhas behtar ast ham inja ham Daftar negah koni toye daftar S3 hast kheyli am moheme
// Va ye chiz jaleb shayad am mohem
// ( Function prototype ) faghat dar zaban haye C , C++ vojud darad
// Toye on yeki zaban ha aslan vojud nadarad faghat dar in 2 zaban vojud darad
// Code payin deghat kon makhsosan che errori mide:
// In error mide:
// :Season2.cpp:(.text+0xe): undefined reference to `mamad()'
// collect2.exe: error: ld returned 1 exit status
// Khob yek nemune az error Linker hast yani Compiler be dorusti tajziye tafsir karde kar karde
// Vali man faghat Declare kardan Define nakardam in mamad() ro
// neveshte khodesh: undefined refrence to mamad()
// Emkan hast piyade sazi function mamad() kardim define kardim
// Vali on ghesmat code Comment kardim // OR /* */
/* #include <iostream>
void mamad(); // Function prototype
int main()
{
mamad(); // Age caller nakonim in error nemishe
std::cout << "Hello";
return 0;
} */
// No definition mamad() .............................
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas Definition VS Declaration
// Dar in jalase mikhaym amigh be in 2 ta pey bebarim va tafavot asli beyn inha ro barresi konim
// Khob...
// Definition 2 kar anjam mide نمونه سازی یا پیاده سازی =
// پیاده سازی = Implemention
// OR
// نمونه سازی = Instantiation
// Chera OR goftim?
// Chon Identifier ma ham mitune Variable , Function , Type mitune bashe
// int x; Variable
// void myFunc(){} Function
// void myFunc(int x) Type hamon parameter
// Agar Identifier ma Function ya Type bashe kar Implementation anjam mide
// Khob vaghti Identifier ma Variable bashe kar Instantiation anjam mide
// Mesal:
/* int myFunc(int y) // Implementation ham Function , Type shamel mishe
{
y = 10; // None
int x = 5; // Instantiation
return x;
} */
// Nokte: Agar Identifier ke Define nashode biaym estefade konim Error Linker
//*******************//
// Ye chiz kheyli mohem darim toye zaban C++ be name:
// ODR = One Definition Rule
// Kholase migam aslish toye daftar ast
// Yek Variable ya Function mitune faghat ye bar define she : Yani che?
/*
int x;
int x; // ODR
int add(){
}
int add(){ // ODR: Error mide
}
*/
// Faghat 1 bar
// Manzur ODR ine
// Ye seri rah hal dare ba const va namespace ina ke toye daftar hast moheme ye negah kon
// Khob berim soragh Declaration:
// Tarif Declaration: Yek statement hast ke az vojud yek Function ya Variable Compiler ro motalee' مطلع mikone
// Mesal:
// int add(); // Forward Declaration
// int x; // Declare in hich rabti nadare in global hast ke ayande migam
// Kholase Declaration:
// Saket kardan Compiler az Error ha hast.
// Ye chiz mohem dar zaban C++:
// Hameye Definition ha Declaration ham hastan
// Chera ya aslan yani chi?
// Vaghti yek Variable ya Function ro define mikone khodkar bazi moghe ha ham Declaration mishe
// Khod be khod e'lam mishe
// int x; Define and Declare
// extern int x; Just Declare
//void mamad(){} : Define and Declare
// Khob hala be Declaration hayi ke Definition nistand migan Pure Declaration ya Forward Declaration
// ODR hich rabti Declaration nadare !!!!!!!!!
// Chera?
/*
void mamad();
void mamad();
void mamad();
void mamad();
void mamad();
void mamad();
*/
// Hezar baram benevisi Compiler be hich vajh error nemide :)
// extern baraye e'lam kardan hast ke lazem mishe makhsosan vaghti 2 ta file dari
// Mikhay mesal az file1.cpp ke ye function ya Variable define kardi ro dar file2.cpp estefade koni
// mesal : extern int x; e'lam mikoni dar file2.cpp
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas: Neveshtan code dar chandin file
// Ino anjam dadam ( file1.cpp and file2.cpp ) dar hamin folder ( C++ Full Project hast )
// Kami tozih midam chejuri
// code hato minevisi vaghti mikhay compile koni 2 tash yeja bashe yek folder
// dar Terminal ba cmd ( g++ file1.cpp file2.cpp -o app-name )
// -o ina nazari hamin base ( g++ file1.cpp file2.cpp )
// Goftam dige ba extern mituni dar inja mesal estefade koni
// Ye coding riz konim chejurie
// Mikham esm karbar dar File1.cpp begiram dar File2.cpp chap kone
// File1.cpp:
/* #include <iostream>
#include <string>
std::string getName()
{
std::string Fname;
std::cout << "Enter your Name: ";
std::getline(std::cin , Fname);
return Fname;
} */
// File2.cpp:
/* #include <iostream>
#include <string>
extern std::string getName();
int main()
{
std::string x = getName();
std::cout << "Your Name is: " << x;
return 0;
} */
// hamin test kardam kar mikone toye test1.cpp test2.cpp
// Vaghti code ro neveshti khasti Compile koni run koni ina
// Mesal: g++ test1.cpp test2.cpp
// Enter bezani ye file ijad mishe ba name default age nazari default mide a.exe
// Terminam benevis ./a.exe
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas Tadakhol Asami OR Collision:
// تداخل اسامی = Name Collision OR Name Clashing
// Khob in Collision chiye?
// vaghti 2 ta Function dar file haye jodagone mesal file1.cpp file2.cpp Identifier moshabeh dashte bashan
// Hengam link g++ file1.cpp file2.cpp error mide linker
// Va hamintor baraye Variable ham agar Identifier mesl ham bashe hamin etefagh miofte
// Hala Variable ye chiz khobi dare ke marbot be Scope ha mishe agar Variable be joz global
// Daron Function ina bashe error nemide
// Hala baraye global ham rah hal dare namespace ke ayande mipardazim amigh
// Hala baraye Function ham rah hal dare ?
// Chon dige nemishe Function toye ye Function dige benevisim dar zaban haye dige mishe vali toye
// C++ , C nemishe
// Hamon rah hal namespace baraye inam javabe vali dar ayande mipardazim
// Khob ma in mesal Collision baraye agar chand ta file dashte bashim Identifier mesl ham bashan Error mide Linker
// Hala toye 1 file bashe chi?
// On moghe Compiler miad jelosho migire
// Error Linker: Duplicate symbol: esm on Identifier
// Error Compiler: Error redefiniton of esm on Identifier
// Mesal codi bezanim:
// Linker:
// File1.cpp:
/* void mamad() // Collision Linker
{
}
int main()
{
int x;
}
// File2.Cpp
void mamad() // Collision Linker
{
int x; // In eshkal nadare chon toye scope
} */
// Compiler:
// main.cpp
/* int x = 10; // Error
int x = 15; // Error
int myFunc() // Collision Compiler
{
}
int myFunc() // Collision Compiler
{
} */
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas: namespace
// Dar in mabhas gharar nist be tor amigh bepardazim felan
// namespace chist ? yek nahiye ke be ma emkan mide esm haye khodemun ke nazaremun hast harchi bekhaym tosh gharar bedim
// va Hadafesham jelogiri az Collision ha hast
// namespace dar vaghe' yek scope mide be ma ke mitunim har chizi tosh gharar bedim va negaran Collision ham nabashim
// Inam begam daron namespace ha mitunim Function , Class , Variable estefade konim
// Felan dar in had bedon: ke namespace ha baraye jologiri az Collision ha hast
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas: Global scope ya Global namespace
// Be Variable , Function ya Class va ....
// Dakhel hich chizi tarif nashode global namespace migan mesal:
// int x = 10; // Alan in Variable na dakhel main hast na function na class kaf vscode hast :D
// Be in kaf vscode ke code minevisim migan Global namespace
// Inam begam har chizi ke bekhay nemishe toye Global namespace nevesht
// Faghat Definition va Declaration mituni dar global benevisi
// Mesal:
// int x = 5; // Global Define
// extern int x; // Global Declare
// int myfunc(); // Global Declare
// int myfunc(){} // Global Define
// x = 5; // Dige in nemishe in Executable statement hast
// ya in :
// x = 5 * 4;
// 2 * 3 + x; // Expression
/*--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
// Mabhas: std namespace
// Dar avayel zaban C++ be khosus standard C++98 ya ghabl tar
// Niyaz nabod baraye cin , cout , cerr , clog ya ....
// avvaleshon std:: benevisi mostaghim:
#if 0
cout << "Hello World!";