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fix: check target run capabilities before encrypting hook payloads#1572

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TooTallNate merged 2 commits intomainfrom
fix/hook-resume-encryption-compat
Apr 1, 2026
Merged

fix: check target run capabilities before encrypting hook payloads#1572
TooTallNate merged 2 commits intomainfrom
fix/hook-resume-encryption-compat

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@TooTallNate TooTallNate commented Mar 31, 2026 •
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Summary

  • Fixes resumeHook()/resumeWebhook() failing with Unknown serialization format: "encr" when the target workflow run was created by a pre-encryption deployment
  • Adds a capabilities table (packages/core/src/capabilities.ts) that maps @workflow/core versions to supported serialization formats, using the semver package for version comparison
  • Before encoding the hook payload, resumeHook() now checks the target run's workflowCoreVersion (from executionContext) and suppresses encryption when the run's deployment predates the encr format (introduced in 4.2.0-beta.64 via 7618ac36 "Wire AES-GCM encryption into serialization layer (Wire AES-GCM encryption into serialization layer #1251)")

How it works

Three data formats exist in the wild:

Format Condition Behavior
v1 "living devalue" specVersion === 1 (legacy) Already handled by isLegacySpecVersion()
v2 devl binary specVersion === 2, workflowCoreVersion < 4.2.0-beta.64 NEW: encryption key suppressed via capabilities check
v2 encr + devl specVersion === 2, workflowCoreVersion >= 4.2.0-beta.64 Encrypted as before

When workflowCoreVersion is undefined (very old runs that predate the field) or not a valid semver string, we assume the most conservative capabilities (no encryption).

The capabilities table (FORMAT_VERSION_TABLE) is designed to be extensible — when new formats like cbor or enc2 are added in the future, they just need a new entry with the min version.

Additional changes

  • Added semver to the pnpm workspace catalog and updated @workflow/next to use catalog: instead of a hardcoded version

@TooTallNate TooTallNate requested a review from a team as a code owner March 31, 2026 21:48
Copilot AI review requested due to automatic review settings March 31, 2026 21:48
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changeset-bot bot commented Mar 31, 2026 •
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🦋 Changeset detected

Latest commit: 9d700c0

The changes in this PR will be included in the next version bump.

This PR includes changesets to release 16 packages
Name Type
@workflow/core Patch
@workflow/builders Patch
@workflow/cli Patch
@workflow/next Patch
@workflow/nitro Patch
@workflow/vitest Patch
@workflow/web-shared Patch
workflow Patch
@workflow/world-testing Patch
@workflow/astro Patch
@workflow/nest Patch
@workflow/rollup Patch
@workflow/sveltekit Patch
@workflow/vite Patch
@workflow/nuxt Patch
@workflow/ai Patch

Not sure what this means? Click here to learn what changesets are.

Click here if you're a maintainer who wants to add another changeset to this PR

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🧪 E2E Test Results

❌ Some tests failed

Summary

Passed Failed Skipped Total
✅ ▲ Vercel Production 857 0 67 924
✅ 💻 Local Development 830 0 178 1008
✅ 📦 Local Production 830 0 178 1008
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres 830 0 178 1008
✅ 🪟 Windows 76 0 8 84
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds 132 60 24 216
✅ 📋 Other 210 0 42 252
Total 3765 60 675 4500

❌ Failed Tests

🌍 Community Worlds (60 failed)

mongodb (3 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KN5EVQWH3Y3DXM324RFFNCM8
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EW0MHC8534SWP50XESS49
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KN5F3QZTZ88C1Q25Q7CPFD4X

redis (2 failed):

  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KN5EVQWH3Y3DXM324RFFNCM8
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KN5F3QZTZ88C1Q25Q7CPFD4X

turso (55 failed):

  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KN5ETGNADKFVKZV805D0CJRX
  • addTenWorkflow | wrun_01KN5ETGNADKFVKZV805D0CJRX
  • wellKnownAgentWorkflow (.well-known/agent) | wrun_01KN5EVPC9YYFW98MHJJHZ3QNK
  • should work with react rendering in step
  • promiseAllWorkflow | wrun_01KN5ETRBEMYSJ7RAXQ9QVH7BH
  • promiseRaceWorkflow | wrun_01KN5ETY1Z6ZX4VY14JACX8N5E
  • promiseAnyWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EV1K60JWHC2YZMFNEHMC5
  • importedStepOnlyWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EW3X414K79GA9FDTNRNN6
  • hookWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EVE3B75ND8D5D5HZYNJVJ
  • hookWorkflow is not resumable via public webhook endpoint | wrun_01KN5EVQWH3Y3DXM324RFFNCM8
  • webhookWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EW0MHC8534SWP50XESS49
  • sleepingWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EW7G9WPS5FXVFZ49WGRY4
  • parallelSleepWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EWM971C6QADS4HY0EQ85N
  • nullByteWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EWQNNYH1AB1N0XECX8DJF
  • workflowAndStepMetadataWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EWTBD39B198ER5B0XH1WG
  • fetchWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EZFVTXNGVPYRKSX0FAERT
  • promiseRaceStressTestWorkflow | wrun_01KN5EZKA2FBWHE3DW3T0M57TG
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors nested function calls preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation workflow errors cross-file imports preserve message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors basic step error preserves message and stack trace
  • error handling error propagation step errors cross-file step error preserves message and function names in stack
  • error handling retry behavior regular Error retries until success
  • error handling retry behavior FatalError fails immediately without retries
  • error handling retry behavior RetryableError respects custom retryAfter delay
  • error handling retry behavior maxRetries=0 disables retries
  • error handling catchability FatalError can be caught and detected with FatalError.is()
  • error handling not registered WorkflowNotRegisteredError fails the run when workflow does not exist
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the step but workflow can catch it
  • error handling not registered StepNotRegisteredError fails the run when not caught in workflow
  • hookCleanupTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after workflow completion | wrun_01KN5F33CTD1HW3PCYXRD0VX3F
  • concurrent hook token conflict - two workflows cannot use the same hook token simultaneously | wrun_01KN5F3QZTZ88C1Q25Q7CPFD4X
  • hookDisposeTestWorkflow - hook token reuse after explicit disposal while workflow still running | wrun_01KN5F4D7KGJY460NN092VMQVB
  • stepFunctionPassingWorkflow - step function references can be passed as arguments (without closure vars) | wrun_01KN5F51YEKCVKF9WCZTR90VA8
  • stepFunctionWithClosureWorkflow - step function with closure variables passed as argument | wrun_01KN5F5AWWX65YZ8WKFPP9S0M0
  • closureVariableWorkflow - nested step functions with closure variables | wrun_01KN5F5GDS05093PJZCE83GTWZ
  • spawnWorkflowFromStepWorkflow - spawning a child workflow using start() inside a step | wrun_01KN5F5JMNWM3QJ4B5QR1H2G9J
  • health check (queue-based) - workflow and step endpoints respond to health check messages
  • pathsAliasWorkflow - TypeScript path aliases resolve correctly | wrun_01KN5F620GDJ9MKKXXJPRF4RNM
  • Calculator.calculate - static workflow method using static step methods from another class | wrun_01KN5F67JQBNJB87XKJ0KXE3DP
  • AllInOneService.processNumber - static workflow method using sibling static step methods | wrun_01KN5F6EJKJG6SB2KJFAFZ9AP6
  • ChainableService.processWithThis - static step methods using this to reference the class | wrun_01KN5F6M1X8060G4N426544024
  • thisSerializationWorkflow - step function invoked with .call() and .apply() | wrun_01KN5F6TS70VE2YWS8FVDT1RDE
  • customSerializationWorkflow - custom class serialization with WORKFLOW_SERIALIZE/WORKFLOW_DESERIALIZE | wrun_01KN5F71CR7Y4Y5XH4CR5KX2MS
  • instanceMethodStepWorkflow - instance methods with "use step" directive | wrun_01KN5F7862HKDSHEC1YZPCZ1GE
  • crossContextSerdeWorkflow - classes defined in step code are deserializable in workflow context | wrun_01KN5F7KEYN5SSBSVPV7W00PXB
  • stepFunctionAsStartArgWorkflow - step function reference passed as start() argument | wrun_01KN5F7V92A7VFPFMSX9MV5ACD
  • cancelRun - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KN5F81V34G04V7GWJAC97R33
  • cancelRun via CLI - cancelling a running workflow | wrun_01KN5F8AZJQCRF125B8FSK2P8H
  • pages router addTenWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router promiseAllWorkflow via pages router
  • pages router sleepingWorkflow via pages router
  • hookWithSleepWorkflow - hook payloads delivered correctly with concurrent sleep | wrun_01KN5F8PS38PFBS2C2KWCVGCTQ
  • sleepInLoopWorkflow - sleep inside loop with steps actually delays each iteration | wrun_01KN5F9BQ7GSQH8H6KSXZF6NA6
  • sleepWithSequentialStepsWorkflow - sequential steps work with concurrent sleep (control) | wrun_01KN5F9P3AM8GE7DQPN3FFS3N8
  • importMetaUrlWorkflow - import.meta.url is available in step bundles | wrun_01KN5F9WQR1E4JCW22FSRXMN19

Details by Category

✅ ▲ Vercel Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro 77 0 7
✅ example 77 0 7
✅ express 77 0 7
✅ fastify 77 0 7
✅ hono 77 0 7
✅ nextjs-turbopack 82 0 2
✅ nextjs-webpack 82 0 2
✅ nitro 77 0 7
✅ nuxt 77 0 7
✅ sveltekit 77 0 7
✅ vite 77 0 7
✅ 💻 Local Development
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 70 0 14
✅ express-stable 70 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 70 0 14
✅ hono-stable 70 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 70 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 70 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 70 0 14
✅ vite-stable 70 0 14
✅ 📦 Local Production
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 70 0 14
✅ express-stable 70 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 70 0 14
✅ hono-stable 70 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 70 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 70 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 70 0 14
✅ vite-stable 70 0 14
✅ 🐘 Local Postgres
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ astro-stable 70 0 14
✅ express-stable 70 0 14
✅ fastify-stable 70 0 14
✅ hono-stable 70 0 14
✅ nextjs-turbopack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-turbopack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nextjs-webpack-canary 59 0 25
✅ nextjs-webpack-stable 76 0 8
✅ nitro-stable 70 0 14
✅ nuxt-stable 70 0 14
✅ sveltekit-stable 70 0 14
✅ vite-stable 70 0 14
✅ 🪟 Windows
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ nextjs-turbopack 76 0 8
❌ 🌍 Community Worlds
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ mongodb-dev 5 0 0
❌ mongodb 56 3 8
✅ redis-dev 5 0 0
❌ redis 57 2 8
✅ turso-dev 5 0 0
❌ turso 4 55 8
✅ 📋 Other
App Passed Failed Skipped
✅ e2e-local-dev-nest-stable 70 0 14
✅ e2e-local-postgres-nest-stable 70 0 14
✅ e2e-local-prod-nest-stable 70 0 14

📋 View full workflow run

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📊 Benchmark Results

📈 Comparing against baseline from main branch. Green 🟢 = faster, Red 🔺 = slower.

workflow with no steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Express 0.043s (-4.0%) 1.005s (~) 0.962s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 0.047s (+6.3% 🔺) 1.005s (~) 0.958s 10 1.09x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.048s (-8.3% 🟢) 1.005s (~) 0.958s 10 1.10x
🐘 Postgres Express 0.048s (-30.7% 🟢) 1.010s (~) 0.962s 10 1.11x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.053s (+21.0% 🔺) 1.005s (~) 0.951s 10 1.24x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.059s (-15.5% 🟢) 1.010s (~) 0.951s 10 1.36x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.062s (-6.9% 🟢) 1.013s (~) 0.951s 10 1.44x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 0.492s (-6.2% 🟢) 2.502s (-9.0% 🟢) 2.010s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 0.595s (~) 2.120s (-14.0% 🟢) 1.525s 10 1.21x
▲ Vercel Express 0.606s (+20.3% 🔺) 2.393s (-11.1% 🟢) 1.787s 10 1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 1 step

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
💻 Local 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.114s (~) 2.005s (~) 0.891s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.115s (-3.2%) 2.011s (~) 0.896s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Nitro 1.126s (-0.5%) 2.007s (~) 0.881s 10 1.01x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.127s (+1.3%) 2.007s (~) 0.879s 10 1.01x
💻 Local Express 1.130s (~) 2.007s (~) 0.876s 10 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.145s (~) 2.011s (~) 0.867s 10 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.145s (~) 2.010s (~) 0.865s 10 1.03x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.102s (~) 3.330s (-14.7% 🟢) 1.227s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.109s (+1.3%) 3.637s (-6.7% 🟢) 1.528s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 2.432s (+7.4% 🔺) 3.770s (-4.7%) 1.338s 10 1.16x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

workflow with 10 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 10.669s (-2.6%) 11.024s (~) 0.355s 3 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 10.757s (+1.6%) 11.023s (~) 0.267s 3 1.01x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 10.768s (~) 11.023s (~) 0.255s 3 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 10.851s (-0.7%) 11.020s (~) 0.169s 3 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 10.883s (~) 11.020s (~) 0.137s 3 1.02x
💻 Local Nitro 10.918s (~) 11.022s (~) 0.104s 3 1.02x
💻 Local Express 10.924s (~) 11.022s (~) 0.099s 3 1.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 16.326s (-29.1% 🟢) 18.034s (-29.1% 🟢) 1.709s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 17.122s (~) 18.310s (-4.3%) 1.187s 2 1.05x
▲ Vercel Express 17.858s (+1.8%) 19.817s (+0.8%) 1.959s 2 1.09x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 13.998s (-4.2%) 14.423s (-4.0%) 0.425s 5 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 14.243s (+2.6%) 15.029s (+5.6% 🔺) 0.786s 4 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 14.366s (-0.8%) 15.020s (~) 0.654s 4 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 14.514s (-0.6%) 15.020s (~) 0.507s 4 1.04x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 14.542s (-0.7%) 15.028s (~) 0.486s 4 1.04x
💻 Local Express 14.941s (~) 15.028s (~) 0.086s 4 1.07x
💻 Local Nitro 14.944s (~) 15.029s (~) 0.085s 4 1.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 29.755s (-7.5% 🟢) 31.498s (-7.7% 🟢) 1.744s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 29.851s (-14.7% 🟢) 31.772s (-13.7% 🟢) 1.921s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 31.385s (-5.3% 🟢) 32.882s (-6.2% 🟢) 1.497s 2 1.05x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 13.095s (-9.0% 🟢) 13.876s (-7.6% 🟢) 0.780s 7 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 13.487s (+6.9% 🔺) 14.027s (+7.7% 🔺) 0.539s 7 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 13.837s (-0.8%) 14.020s (-1.0%) 0.183s 7 1.06x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 13.876s (-1.6%) 14.025s (-4.8%) 0.149s 7 1.06x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 15.573s (-4.3%) 16.030s (-5.9% 🟢) 0.457s 6 1.19x
💻 Local Express 16.622s (~) 17.031s (~) 0.409s 6 1.27x
💻 Local Nitro 16.661s (+0.7%) 17.030s (~) 0.369s 6 1.27x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 52.480s (-12.3% 🟢) 53.617s (-12.9% 🟢) 1.137s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 53.394s (-7.2% 🟢) 55.485s (-7.5% 🟢) 2.091s 2 1.02x
▲ Vercel Express 54.352s (-3.2%) 55.864s (-3.9%) 1.512s 2 1.04x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.203s (-5.6% 🟢) 2.011s (~) 0.809s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.236s (~) 2.011s (~) 0.775s 15 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.269s (~) 2.011s (~) 0.742s 15 1.05x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.403s (+14.6% 🔺) 2.073s (+3.3%) 0.670s 15 1.17x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.492s (-5.1% 🟢) 2.006s (~) 0.513s 15 1.24x
💻 Local Nitro 1.512s (-1.4%) 2.006s (~) 0.494s 15 1.26x
💻 Local Express 1.513s (-1.7%) 2.005s (~) 0.492s 15 1.26x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 2.807s (+7.9% 🔺) 4.128s (+1.6%) 1.321s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.831s (+57.2% 🔺) 5.526s (+36.9% 🔺) 1.694s 6 1.36x
▲ Vercel Express 8.455s (+226.4% 🔺) 9.762s (+117.7% 🔺) 1.307s 4 3.01x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro | Express

Promise.all with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 2.285s (-3.4%) 3.010s (~) 0.724s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.325s (-1.0%) 3.009s (~) 0.684s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.400s (-1.7%) 3.012s (~) 0.612s 10 1.05x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 2.620s (+8.9% 🔺) 3.008s (~) 0.388s 10 1.15x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.890s (+3.1%) 3.107s (-10.0% 🟢) 0.217s 10 1.26x
💻 Local Express 2.899s (-0.9%) 3.007s (~) 0.108s 10 1.27x
💻 Local Nitro 2.932s (-1.1%) 3.308s (-4.2%) 0.376s 10 1.28x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.053s (+7.3% 🔺) 4.500s (+5.5% 🔺) 1.447s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.993s (+37.4% 🔺) 6.528s (+28.1% 🔺) 1.535s 5 1.64x
▲ Vercel Express 5.224s (+98.8% 🔺) 7.213s (+65.3% 🔺) 1.989s 5 1.71x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

Promise.all with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 3.426s (-1.8%) 4.011s (~) 0.584s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 3.474s (~) 4.013s (~) 0.539s 8 1.01x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 3.659s (~) 4.012s (~) 0.353s 8 1.07x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 4.179s (+6.9% 🔺) 5.012s (+21.2% 🔺) 0.833s 6 1.22x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 6.682s (-14.5% 🟢) 7.012s (-17.7% 🟢) 0.331s 5 1.95x
💻 Local Express 8.330s (+2.1%) 9.019s (~) 0.689s 4 2.43x
💻 Local Nitro 8.711s (+8.4% 🔺) 9.273s (+8.8% 🔺) 0.562s 4 2.54x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 2.936s (-3.3%) 4.750s (-6.0% 🟢) 1.814s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.161s (-13.6% 🟢) 4.574s (-19.5% 🟢) 1.413s 7 1.08x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 5.375s (+40.6% 🔺) 6.921s (+18.3% 🔺) 1.545s 5 1.83x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 10 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.204s (-4.0%) 2.009s (~) 0.804s 15 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.236s (~) 2.010s (~) 0.774s 15 1.03x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.258s (-0.9%) 2.009s (~) 0.751s 15 1.04x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.336s (+8.5% 🔺) 2.007s (~) 0.671s 15 1.11x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.458s (-3.1%) 2.006s (~) 0.548s 15 1.21x
💻 Local Express 1.540s (-1.0%) 2.007s (~) 0.466s 15 1.28x
💻 Local Nitro 1.559s (-1.1%) 2.006s (~) 0.447s 15 1.29x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.436s (+5.0%) 3.688s (-8.0% 🟢) 1.252s 9 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 2.852s (+20.4% 🔺) 4.033s (+1.1%) 1.181s 8 1.17x
▲ Vercel Nitro 4.401s (+79.7% 🔺) 6.180s (+54.7% 🔺) 1.779s 5 1.81x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

Promise.race with 25 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 2.291s (-1.2%) 3.010s (~) 0.718s 10 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 2.336s (-0.9%) 3.011s (~) 0.675s 10 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 2.410s (+0.6%) 3.012s (~) 0.602s 10 1.05x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.590s (-14.6% 🟢) 3.109s (-10.0% 🟢) 0.518s 10 1.13x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 2.603s (+7.8% 🔺) 3.008s (~) 0.405s 10 1.14x
💻 Local Express 3.053s (-2.2%) 3.676s (-5.4% 🟢) 0.623s 9 1.33x
💻 Local Nitro 3.073s (+0.8%) 3.676s (-5.4% 🟢) 0.603s 9 1.34x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.501s (-14.5% 🟢) 3.775s (-16.9% 🟢) 1.275s 8 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.598s (-10.3% 🟢) 4.102s (-4.9%) 1.505s 8 1.04x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.041s (-2.3%) 4.884s (+4.4%) 1.843s 7 1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Promise.race with 50 concurrent steps

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 3.398s (-2.4%) 4.011s (~) 0.613s 8 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 3.471s (-0.8%) 4.012s (~) 0.541s 8 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 3.655s (-0.9%) 4.014s (~) 0.359s 8 1.08x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 4.266s (+8.9% 🔺) 5.012s (+12.9% 🔺) 0.746s 6 1.26x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 7.160s (-13.2% 🟢) 7.771s (-8.8% 🟢) 0.610s 4 2.11x
💻 Local Express 8.737s (-1.3%) 9.021s (-2.7%) 0.284s 4 2.57x
💻 Local Nitro 9.110s (+5.7% 🔺) 9.772s (+8.3% 🔺) 0.662s 4 2.68x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.090s (-7.3% 🟢) 4.549s (-5.2% 🟢) 1.459s 7 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.353s (+13.7% 🔺) 4.936s (+10.7% 🔺) 1.583s 7 1.09x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.546s (-6.7% 🟢) 5.102s (-10.4% 🟢) 1.556s 6 1.15x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.602s (-28.4% 🟢) 1.007s (~) 0.405s 60 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.721s (+25.9% 🔺) 1.005s (-1.6%) 0.284s 60 1.20x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.776s (-3.8%) 1.024s (+1.6%) 0.248s 59 1.29x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.826s (-2.3%) 1.007s (~) 0.181s 60 1.37x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.838s (-1.8%) 1.004s (-1.7%) 0.166s 60 1.39x
💻 Local Nitro 0.986s (~) 1.181s (~) 0.195s 51 1.64x
💻 Local Express 0.986s (~) 1.158s (-1.9%) 0.172s 52 1.64x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 9.146s (-8.9% 🟢) 10.823s (-10.8% 🟢) 1.677s 6 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 9.371s (-8.7% 🟢) 11.050s (-9.7% 🟢) 1.679s 6 1.02x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 9.625s (-15.6% 🟢) 11.133s (-17.0% 🟢) 1.508s 6 1.05x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 25 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 1.507s (-25.4% 🟢) 2.054s (-22.2% 🟢) 0.546s 44 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.698s (+31.0% 🔺) 2.006s (~) 0.308s 45 1.13x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.845s (-6.3% 🟢) 2.008s (-11.1% 🟢) 0.163s 45 1.22x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.938s (-4.5%) 2.124s (-21.8% 🟢) 0.186s 43 1.29x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.626s (-3.6%) 3.007s (-1.1%) 0.381s 30 1.74x
💻 Local Express 3.015s (-0.6%) 3.547s (-1.1%) 0.533s 26 2.00x
💻 Local Nitro 3.044s (+0.9%) 3.759s (+4.2%) 0.715s 24 2.02x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 28.049s (-18.2% 🟢) 30.225s (-16.7% 🟢) 2.176s 3 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 28.942s (-14.7% 🟢) 30.354s (-14.8% 🟢) 1.412s 3 1.03x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 29.863s (-13.0% 🟢) 30.858s (-14.4% 🟢) 0.995s 3 1.06x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 sequential data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 2.969s (-28.0% 🟢) 3.220s (-33.6% 🟢) 0.251s 38 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 3.446s (+31.5% 🔺) 4.009s (+31.1% 🔺) 0.563s 30 1.16x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 3.769s (-4.1%) 4.012s (-5.7% 🟢) 0.243s 30 1.27x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 3.920s (-4.4%) 4.218s (-12.4% 🟢) 0.298s 29 1.32x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 8.354s (-4.3%) 9.016s (~) 0.663s 14 2.81x
💻 Local Express 9.189s (~) 9.787s (-2.3%) 0.598s 13 3.09x
💻 Local Nitro 9.240s (+0.9%) 9.864s (+0.8%) 0.624s 13 3.11x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 70.827s (-19.3% 🟢) 72.612s (-19.1% 🟢) 1.785s 2 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 74.031s (-14.4% 🟢) 75.729s (-14.5% 🟢) 1.698s 2 1.05x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 80.519s (-12.6% 🟢) 81.520s (-13.1% 🟢) 1.001s 2 1.14x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 10 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.224s (-24.4% 🟢) 1.008s (~) 0.784s 60 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.269s (+2.2%) 1.008s (~) 0.739s 60 1.20x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.284s (-3.8%) 1.008s (~) 0.724s 60 1.27x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.400s (+50.1% 🔺) 1.005s (~) 0.605s 60 1.79x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.533s (-8.3% 🟢) 1.004s (~) 0.471s 60 2.38x
💻 Local Express 0.604s (-1.0%) 1.004s (-1.7%) 0.401s 60 2.70x
💻 Local Nitro 0.648s (+11.8% 🔺) 1.039s (+3.5%) 0.391s 58 2.90x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 1.571s (-7.0% 🟢) 3.014s (-11.3% 🟢) 1.443s 21 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 1.722s (-14.1% 🟢) 3.187s (-12.9% 🟢) 1.466s 19 1.10x
▲ Vercel Express 1.752s (+0.5%) 3.347s (+1.0%) 1.596s 18 1.12x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack) | Express

workflow with 25 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.374s (-28.7% 🟢) 1.007s (~) 0.633s 90 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.488s (-2.4%) 1.007s (~) 0.519s 90 1.31x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.504s (-2.2%) 1.008s (~) 0.503s 90 1.35x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 1.435s (+33.0% 🔺) 2.007s (+7.8% 🔺) 0.571s 45 3.84x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 2.411s (-8.8% 🟢) 3.008s (~) 0.597s 30 6.45x
💻 Local Express 2.556s (+0.9%) 3.009s (~) 0.453s 30 6.84x
💻 Local Nitro 2.641s (+3.5%) 3.008s (~) 0.367s 30 7.07x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Nitro 3.053s (-24.8% 🟢) 4.790s (-15.2% 🟢) 1.737s 19 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 3.303s (+5.2% 🔺) 4.788s (-1.9%) 1.485s 19 1.08x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.759s (-93.3% 🟢) 5.155s (-91.1% 🟢) 1.396s 18 1.23x

🔍 Observability: Nitro | Express | Next.js (Turbopack)

workflow with 50 concurrent data payload steps (10KB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.581s (-29.3% 🟢) 1.007s (~) 0.426s 120 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.761s (-0.6%) 1.007s (~) 0.246s 120 1.31x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.782s (-2.6%) 1.008s (~) 0.227s 120 1.35x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 3.153s (+21.5% 🔺) 3.627s (+20.6% 🔺) 0.474s 34 5.43x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 10.173s (-6.8% 🟢) 10.774s (-6.2% 🟢) 0.601s 12 17.51x
💻 Local Nitro 11.144s (~) 11.845s (+0.8%) 0.701s 11 19.18x
💻 Local Express 11.146s (-1.0%) 11.847s (~) 0.701s 11 19.18x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 8.450s (+8.6% 🔺) 9.773s (+4.8%) 1.322s 13 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 10.229s (+23.7% 🔺) 11.809s (+16.8% 🔺) 1.580s 11 1.21x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 12.364s (+56.7% 🔺) 13.731s (+42.7% 🔺) 1.367s 9 1.46x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

Stream Benchmarks (includes TTFB metrics)
workflow with stream

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.149s (-32.4% 🟢) 0.999s (+0.8%) 0.001s (-21.4% 🟢) 1.010s (~) 0.861s 10 1.00x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.170s (-3.0%) 1.002s (~) 0.011s (-9.4% 🟢) 1.017s (~) 0.847s 10 1.14x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.176s (+25.4% 🔺) 1.001s (~) 0.001s (~) 1.008s (~) 0.832s 10 1.18x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.192s (-3.6%) 1.001s (~) 0.002s (+33.3% 🔺) 1.011s (~) 0.819s 10 1.29x
💻 Local Nitro 0.201s (-1.2%) 1.003s (~) 0.012s (+8.3% 🔺) 1.018s (~) 0.817s 10 1.35x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.202s (-5.0%) 0.994s (~) 0.001s (+8.3% 🔺) 1.010s (~) 0.808s 10 1.35x
💻 Local Express 0.202s (-2.6%) 1.003s (~) 0.012s (-1.7%) 1.018s (~) 0.816s 10 1.35x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 1.693s (-2.5%) 3.139s (+0.8%) 0.585s (-8.4% 🟢) 4.336s (-5.1% 🟢) 2.643s 10 1.00x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 1.712s (+2.8%) 2.717s (-4.6%) 0.692s (+11.4% 🔺) 3.979s (-4.4%) 2.267s 10 1.01x
▲ Vercel Nitro 2.071s (+24.8% 🔺) 3.174s (+10.5% 🔺) 0.520s (-7.3% 🟢) 4.361s (+6.2% 🔺) 2.290s 10 1.22x

🔍 Observability: Express | Next.js (Turbopack) | Nitro

stream pipeline with 5 transform steps (1MB)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.505s (-18.7% 🟢) 1.005s (~) 0.003s (-15.0% 🟢) 1.021s (~) 0.516s 59 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.539s (+41.9% 🔺) 1.000s (~) 0.005s (+78.0% 🔺) 1.015s (~) 0.476s 60 1.07x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.596s (-2.7%) 1.007s (~) 0.004s (+3.1%) 1.023s (~) 0.427s 59 1.18x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.604s (-3.1%) 1.003s (~) 0.004s (-3.3%) 1.024s (~) 0.419s 59 1.20x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 0.670s (-0.9%) 1.008s (-1.7%) 0.009s (~) 1.023s (-1.6%) 0.353s 59 1.32x
💻 Local Express 0.724s (-0.6%) 1.010s (~) 0.010s (+14.1% 🔺) 1.023s (~) 0.300s 59 1.43x
💻 Local Nitro 0.729s (~) 1.009s (~) 0.008s (-1.0%) 1.022s (~) 0.294s 59 1.44x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 3.881s (-7.9% 🟢) 4.824s (-12.2% 🟢) 0.485s (-1.7%) 5.876s (-11.3% 🟢) 1.995s 11 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.991s (-3.4%) 5.282s (-0.9%) 0.381s (+61.5% 🔺) 6.315s (+0.6%) 2.324s 10 1.03x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 4.145s (-31.9% 🟢) 5.113s (-33.3% 🟢) 0.200s (-12.7% 🟢) 5.841s (-32.3% 🟢) 1.696s 11 1.07x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

10 parallel streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🐘 Postgres 🥇 Express 0.920s (-4.9%) 1.129s (-7.7% 🟢) 0.000s (+262.3% 🔺) 1.140s (-8.9% 🟢) 0.220s 53 1.00x
🌐 Redis Next.js (Turbopack) 0.940s (+11.8% 🔺) 1.111s (+11.1% 🔺) 0.000s (-44.4% 🟢) 1.116s (+11.1% 🔺) 0.176s 54 1.02x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 0.974s (-0.5%) 1.196s (-8.3% 🟢) 0.000s (+80.4% 🔺) 1.205s (-8.2% 🟢) 0.231s 51 1.06x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 0.977s (-2.4%) 1.185s (-12.5% 🟢) 0.000s (-56.9% 🟢) 1.212s (-12.1% 🟢) 0.235s 51 1.06x
💻 Local Nitro 1.241s (~) 2.020s (~) 0.000s (-18.2% 🟢) 2.023s (~) 0.781s 30 1.35x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 1.245s (-3.7%) 2.019s (~) 0.000s (+62.5% 🔺) 2.023s (~) 0.778s 30 1.35x
💻 Local Express 1.251s (+0.7%) 2.021s (~) 0.000s (+71.4% 🔺) 2.024s (~) 0.773s 30 1.36x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Express 2.795s (-21.0% 🟢) 3.836s (-14.8% 🟢) 0.000s (-94.3% 🟢) 4.496s (-13.6% 🟢) 1.701s 14 1.00x
▲ Vercel Nitro 3.194s (-4.9%) 4.106s (-4.4%) 0.000s (+Infinity% 🔺) 4.702s (-6.0% 🟢) 1.509s 14 1.14x
▲ Vercel Next.js (Turbopack) 3.446s (+9.1% 🔺) 4.329s (+0.7%) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 4.921s (~) 1.475s 13 1.23x

🔍 Observability: Express | Nitro | Next.js (Turbopack)

fan-out fan-in 10 streams (1MB each)

💻 Local Development

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
🌐 Redis 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 1.692s (+9.1% 🔺) 2.001s (-1.7%) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 2.006s (-1.6%) 0.314s 30 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Express 1.696s (-4.6%) 2.102s (-0.8%) 0.000s (NaN%) 2.112s (-2.5%) 0.417s 29 1.00x
🐘 Postgres Next.js (Turbopack) 1.861s (-2.9%) 2.070s (-3.5%) 0.000s (-51.7% 🟢) 2.096s (-2.7%) 0.235s 29 1.10x
🐘 Postgres Nitro 1.864s (+3.9%) 2.209s (+3.2%) 0.000s (-100.0% 🟢) 2.225s (+3.3%) 0.361s 28 1.10x
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 3.514s (-4.9%) 4.032s (-3.2%) 0.001s (-11.1% 🟢) 4.038s (-3.2%) 0.523s 15 2.08x
💻 Local Nitro 3.534s (-2.1%) 4.033s (-1.6%) 0.001s (+133.3% 🔺) 4.038s (-1.6%) 0.504s 15 2.09x
💻 Local Express 3.670s (+5.9% 🔺) 4.167s (+3.3%) 0.000s (-40.0% 🟢) 4.171s (+3.3%) 0.501s 15 2.17x

▲ Production (Vercel)

World Framework Workflow Time TTFB Slurp Wall Time Overhead Samples vs Fastest
▲ Vercel 🥇 Next.js (Turbopack) 4.101s (-14.1% 🟢) 5.140s (-12.8% 🟢) 0.000s (-54.5% 🟢) 5.670s (-14.2% 🟢) 1.569s 11 1.00x
▲ Vercel Express 4.409s (~) 5.288s (-3.8%) 0.000s (NaN%) 5.846s (-5.2% 🟢) 1.437s 11 1.08x
▲ Vercel Nitro 4.675s (+1.7%) 5.692s (+1.2%) 0.000s (~) 6.328s (~) 1.654s 10 1.14x

🔍 Observability: Next.js (Turbopack) | Express | Nitro

Summary

Fastest Framework by World

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

World 🥇 Fastest Framework Wins
💻 Local Next.js (Turbopack) 19/21
🐘 Postgres Express 21/21
▲ Vercel Nitro 10/21
Fastest World by Framework

Winner determined by most benchmark wins

Framework 🥇 Fastest World Wins
Express 🐘 Postgres 18/21
Next.js (Turbopack) 🌐 Redis 9/21
Nitro 🐘 Postgres 16/21
Column Definitions
  • Workflow Time: Runtime reported by workflow (completedAt - createdAt) - primary metric
  • TTFB: Time to First Byte - time from workflow start until first stream byte received (stream benchmarks only)
  • Slurp: Time from first byte to complete stream consumption (stream benchmarks only)
  • Wall Time: Total testbench time (trigger workflow + poll for result)
  • Overhead: Testbench overhead (Wall Time - Workflow Time)
  • Samples: Number of benchmark iterations run
  • vs Fastest: How much slower compared to the fastest configuration for this benchmark

Worlds:

  • 💻 Local: In-memory filesystem world (local development)
  • 🐘 Postgres: PostgreSQL database world (local development)
  • ▲ Vercel: Vercel production/preview deployment
  • 🌐 Turso: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 MongoDB: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Redis: Community world (local development)
  • 🌐 Jazz: Community world (local development)

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Copilot AI reviewed Mar 31, 2026
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Pull request overview

Adds backward-compatible hook/webhook resume behavior by disabling payload encryption when the target workflow run was created by an older @workflow/core deployment that can’t decode the encr serialization format.

Changes:

  • Introduces getRunCapabilities() (version-based capabilities) and uses it in resumeHook() to suppress encryption for pre-4.2.0-beta.64 runs.
  • Adds unit tests for capability detection across version ranges.
  • Adds semver to the pnpm catalog and updates workspace packages/lockfile to consume it via catalog:.

Reviewed changes

Copilot reviewed 7 out of 8 changed files in this pull request and generated 3 comments.

Show a summary per file
File Description
pnpm-workspace.yaml Adds semver to the shared version catalog.
pnpm-lock.yaml Updates lockfile for semver and related type deps/catalog usage.
packages/next/package.json Switches semver dependency to catalog:.
packages/core/package.json Adds semver (+ @types/semver) to support runtime capability checks.
packages/core/src/runtime/resume-hook.ts Checks target run capabilities before encrypting dehydrated hook payloads.
packages/core/src/capabilities.ts Implements capability lookup based on workflowCoreVersion.
packages/core/src/capabilities.test.ts Tests version threshold behavior for encryption support.
.changeset/fix-hook-resume-encryption-compat.md Publishes a patch changeset documenting the compatibility fix.
Files not reviewed (1)
  • pnpm-lock.yaml: Language not supported

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@TooTallNate
fix: check target run capabilities before encrypting hook payloads
d251cd6 
When resumeHook()/resumeWebhook() is called on a newer deployment that
supports encryption, it would encode the payload with the 'encr' format.
If the target workflow run was created by an older deployment that
predates encryption support, the run would fail with:
  Error: Unknown serialization format: "encr". Known formats: devl

Add a capabilities table that maps @workflow/core versions to supported
serialization formats. Before encoding, resumeHook() now checks the
target run's workflowCoreVersion and suppresses encryption when the
run's deployment doesn't support it.
@TooTallNate TooTallNate force-pushed the fix/hook-resume-encryption-compat branch from 389467d to d251cd6 Compare March 31, 2026 21:54
pranaygp
pranaygp approved these changes Apr 1, 2026
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Looks good to me. The compatibility gate in resumeHook() matches the rollout boundary for encrypted serialization and the added capability tests cover the key version cases.

@TooTallNate
address review: guard against invalid/non-string workflowCoreVersion
9d700c0 
- Validate with semver.valid() before comparing, falling back to
  baseline formats for malformed version strings
- Add typeof guard at the call site in resumeHook() since
  executionContext is Record<string, any>
- Add tests for invalid version strings (dev, empty, partial, etc.)
- Add encryption commit reference to capabilities module header
@TooTallNate TooTallNate enabled auto-merge (squash) April 1, 2026 21:23
@TooTallNate TooTallNate merged commit d38114b into main Apr 1, 2026
101 of 102 checks passed
@TooTallNate TooTallNate deleted the fix/hook-resume-encryption-compat branch April 1, 2026 21:32
@workflow-devkit-release-bot workflow-devkit-release-bot bot mentioned this pull request Apr 1, 2026
Merged
pranaygp added a commit that referenced this pull request Apr 3, 2026
@pranaygp
Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/main' into pranaygp/codex/pr-149…
5aabffa 
…1-refresh

* origin/main: (21 commits)
  Fix node-module-error plugin matching identifiers in multi-line comments (#1554)
  fix(swc-plugin): use binding name for class expression method registrations (#1599)
  fix(builders): override `sideEffects: false` for discovered workflow/step/serde entries (#1598)
  [world-vercel] align header names to `x-vercel-workflow-*` convention (#1602)
  [docs] Add vercel world consumer function security documentation (#1543)
  Make `start()` types `unknown` when `deploymentId` is provided (#1367)
  fix(next): stop force-setting WORKFLOW_PUBLIC_MANIFEST=1 during next dev (#1597)
  Version Packages (beta) (#1593)
  [docs] Tidy world API docs and document new stream helpers (#1581)
  Rename 'Workflow Development Kit' / 'DevKit' to 'Workflow SDK' (#1595)
  [world] Use zod/v4 in queue files to match @workflow/world schemas (#1588)
  [ai] Fix fatal stream errors surfacing as [object Object] (#1589)
  [web] Fix server crash on unmatched routes (#1590)
  docs: rename 'Complex Example' to 'Instance Methods as Steps' (#1592)
  Version Packages (beta) (#1563)
  [core] Extend flow route duration to "max" and fail runs where replay takes too long (#1567)
  fix: check target run capabilities before encrypting hook payloads (#1572)
  [core] Combine initial run fetch, event fetch, and run_started event creation (#1569)
  [docs] Split World API docs into sub-pages, update skill.md (#1457)
  [nitro] Preserve workflow step registration side effects (#1386)
  ...

# Conflicts:
#	skills/workflow/SKILL.md
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