web-eid · SanderKondratjevNortal · Mar 23, 2026 · Mar 11, 2026
diff --git a/example/src/main/java/eu/webeid/example/security/WebEidAuthentication.java b/example/src/main/java/eu/webeid/example/security/WebEidAuthentication.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 package eu.webeid.example.security;
 
 import eu.webeid.security.authtoken.SupportedSignatureAlgorithm;
+import eu.webeid.security.authtoken.UnverifiedSigningCertificate;
 import eu.webeid.security.certificate.CertificateData;
 import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
 import org.springframework.security.core.Authentication;
@@ -48,11 +49,17 @@ private WebEidAuthentication(String principalName, String idCode, String signing
         this.supportedSignatureAlgorithms = supportedSignatureAlgorithms;
     }
 
-    public static Authentication fromCertificate(X509Certificate userCertificate, @Nullable String signingCertificate, @Nullable List<SupportedSignatureAlgorithm> supportedSignatureAlgorithms, List<GrantedAuthority> authorities) throws CertificateEncodingException {
+    public static Authentication fromCertificate(X509Certificate userCertificate, @Nullable UnverifiedSigningCertificate signingCertificate, List<GrantedAuthority> authorities) throws CertificateEncodingException {
         final String principalName = getPrincipalNameFromCertificate(userCertificate);
         final String idCode = CertificateData.getSubjectIdCode(userCertificate)
             .orElseThrow(() -> new CertificateEncodingException("Certificate does not contain subject ID code"));
-        return new WebEidAuthentication(principalName, idCode, signingCertificate, supportedSignatureAlgorithms, authorities);
+        return new WebEidAuthentication(
+            principalName,
+            idCode,
+            signingCertificate != null ? signingCertificate.getCertificate() : null,
+            signingCertificate != null ? signingCertificate.getSupportedSignatureAlgorithms() : null,
+            authorities
+        );
     }
 
     private static String getPrincipalNameFromCertificate(X509Certificate userCertificate) throws CertificateEncodingException {

diff --git a/example/src/main/java/eu/webeid/example/security/WebEidAuthenticationProvider.java b/example/src/main/java/eu/webeid/example/security/WebEidAuthenticationProvider.java
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
 import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
 import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.preauth.PreAuthenticatedAuthenticationToken;
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
+import org.springframework.util.CollectionUtils;
 
 import java.security.cert.CertificateEncodingException;
 import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
@@ -76,14 +77,10 @@ public Authentication authenticate(Authentication auth) throws AuthenticationExc
         try {
             final String nonce = challengeNonceStore.getAndRemove().getBase64EncodedNonce();
             final X509Certificate userCertificate = tokenValidator.validate(authToken, nonce);
-            final String signingCertificate = requireSigningCert
-                ? authToken.getUnverifiedSigningCertificate()
+            final var signingCertificate = requireSigningCert && !CollectionUtils.isEmpty(authToken.getUnverifiedSigningCertificates())
+                ? authToken.getUnverifiedSigningCertificates().getFirst() // NOTE: Handling multiple signing certificates is out of scope of this example.
                 : null;
-            final List<SupportedSignatureAlgorithm> supportedSignatureAlgorithms = requireSigningCert
-                ? authToken.getSupportedSignatureAlgorithms()
-                : null;
-
-            return WebEidAuthentication.fromCertificate(userCertificate, signingCertificate, supportedSignatureAlgorithms, authorities);
+            return WebEidAuthentication.fromCertificate(userCertificate, signingCertificate, authorities);
         } catch (AuthTokenException e) {
             throw new AuthenticationServiceException("Web eID token validation failed", e);
         } catch (CertificateEncodingException e) {

diff --git a/example/src/test/java/eu/webeid/example/security/WebEidAuthenticationTest.java b/example/src/test/java/eu/webeid/example/security/WebEidAuthenticationTest.java
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ class WebEidAuthenticationTest {
     @Test
     void whenOrganizationCertificate_thenSucceeds() throws Exception {
         final X509Certificate certificate = CertificateLoader.decodeCertificateFromBase64(ORGANIZATION_CERT);
-        final Authentication authentication = WebEidAuthentication.fromCertificate(certificate, null, null, Collections.emptyList());
+        final Authentication authentication = WebEidAuthentication.fromCertificate(certificate, null, Collections.emptyList());
         assertThat(authentication.getPrincipal()).isEqualTo("Testijad.ee isikutuvastus");
     }
 

diff --git a/example/src/test/java/eu/webeid/example/testutil/ObjectMother.java b/example/src/test/java/eu/webeid/example/testutil/ObjectMother.java
@@ -68,9 +68,11 @@ public class ObjectMother {
             VALID_WEB_EID_1_1AUTH_TOKEN = MAPPER.readValue(
                             "{\"algorithm\":\"ES384\"," +
                             "\"unverifiedCertificate\":\"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\"," +
-                            "\"unverifiedSigningCertificate\":\"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\"," +
-                            "\"supportedSignatureAlgorithms\":[{\"cryptoAlgorithm\":\"RSA\",\"hashFunction\":\"SHA-256\",\"paddingScheme\":\"PKCS1.5\"}]," +
-                            "\"issuerApp\":\"https://web-eid.eu/web-eid-mobile-app/releases/v1.0.0\"," +
+                            "\"unverifiedSigningCertificates\":[{" +
+                            "\"certificate\":\"MIID6zCCA02gAwIBAgIQT7j6zk6pmVRcyspLo5SqejAKBggqhkjOPQQDBDBgMQswCQYDVQQGEwJFRTEbMBkGA1UECgwSU0sgSUQgU29sdXRpb25zIEFTMRcwFQYDVQRhDA5OVFJFRS0xMDc0NzAxMzEbMBkGA1UEAwwSVEVTVCBvZiBFU1RFSUQyMDE4MB4XDTE5MDUwMjEwNDUzMVoXDTI5MDUwMjEwNDUzMVowfzELMAkGA1UEBhMCRUUxFjAUBgNVBCoMDUpBQUstS1JJU1RKQU4xEDAOBgNVBAQMB0rDlUVPUkcxKjAoBgNVBAMMIUrDlUVPUkcsSkFBSy1LUklTVEpBTiwzODAwMTA4NTcxODEaMBgGA1UEBRMRUE5PRUUtMzgwMDEwODU3MTgwdjAQBgcqhkjOPQIBBgUrgQQAIgNiAASkwENR8GmCpEs6OshDWDfIiKvGuyNMOD2rjIQW321AnZD3oIsqD0svBMNEJJj9Dlvq/47TYDObIa12KAU5IuOBfJs2lrFdSXZjaM+a5TWT3O2JTM36YDH2GcMe/eisepejggGrMIIBpzAJBgNVHRMEAjAAMA4GA1UdDwEB/wQEAwIGQDBIBgNVHSAEQTA/MDIGCysGAQQBg5EhAQIBMCMwIQYIKwYBBQUHAgEWFWh0dHBzOi8vd3d3LnNrLmVlL0NQUzAJBgcEAIvsQAECMB0GA1UdDgQWBBTVX3s48Spy/Es2TcXgkRvwUn2YcjCBigYIKwYBBQUHAQMEfjB8MAgGBgQAjkYBATAIBgYEAI5GAQQwEwYGBACORgEGMAkGBwQAjkYBBgEwUQYGBACORgEFMEcwRRY/aHR0cHM6Ly9zay5lZS9lbi9yZXBvc2l0b3J5L2NvbmRpdGlvbnMtZm9yLXVzZS1vZi1jZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZXMvEwJFTjAfBgNVHSMEGDAWgBTAhJkpxE6fOwI09pnhClYACCk+ezBzBggrBgEFBQcBAQRnMGUwLAYIKwYBBQUHMAGGIGh0dHA6Ly9haWEuZGVtby5zay5lZS9lc3RlaWQyMDE4MDUGCCsGAQUFBzAChilodHRwOi8vYy5zay5lZS9UZXN0X29mX0VTVEVJRDIwMTguZGVyLmNydDAKBggqhkjOPQQDBAOBiwAwgYcCQgGBr+Jbo1GeqgWdIwgMo7SA29AP38JxNm2HWq2Qb+kIHpusAK574Co1K5D4+Mk7/ITTuXQaET5WphHoN7tdAciTaQJBAn0zBigYyVPYSTO68HM6hmlwTwi/KlJDdXW/2NsMjSqofFFJXpGvpxk2CTqSRCjcavxLPnkasTbNROYSJcmM8Xc=\"," +
+                            "\"supportedSignatureAlgorithms\":[{\"cryptoAlgorithm\":\"RSA\",\"hashFunction\":\"SHA-256\",\"paddingScheme\":\"PKCS1.5\"}]" +
+                            "}]," +
+                            "\"appVersion\":\"https://web-eid.eu/web-eid-mobile-app/releases/v1.0.0\"," +
                             "\"signature\":\"0Ov7ME6pTY1K2GXMj8Wxov/o2fGIMEds8OMY5dKdkB0nrqQX7fG1E5mnsbvyHpMDecMUH6Yg+p1HXdgB/lLqOcFZjt/OVXPjAAApC5d1YgRYATDcxsR1zqQwiNcHdmWn\"," +
                             "\"format\":\"web-eid:1.1\"}",
                 WebEidAuthToken.class);

diff --git a/src/main/java/eu/webeid/security/authtoken/SupportedSignatureAlgorithm.java b/src/main/java/eu/webeid/security/authtoken/SupportedSignatureAlgorithm.java
@@ -22,6 +22,9 @@
 
 package eu.webeid.security.authtoken;
 
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
+
+@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
 public class SupportedSignatureAlgorithm {
     private String cryptoAlgorithm;
     private String hashFunction;

diff --git a/src/main/java/eu/webeid/security/authtoken/UnverifiedSigningCertificate.java b/src/main/java/eu/webeid/security/authtoken/UnverifiedSigningCertificate.java
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2020-2025 Estonian Information System Authority
+ *
+ * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
+ * of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
+ * in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
+ * to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
+ * copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
+ * furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
+ *
+ * The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all
+ * copies or substantial portions of the Software.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
+ * AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
+ * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
+ * OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE
+ * SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+package eu.webeid.security.authtoken;
+
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonIgnoreProperties;
+
+import java.util.List;
+
+@JsonIgnoreProperties(ignoreUnknown = true)
+public class UnverifiedSigningCertificate {
+
+    private String certificate;
+    private List<SupportedSignatureAlgorithm> supportedSignatureAlgorithms;
+
+    public String getCertificate() {
+        return certificate;
+    }
+
+    public void setCertificate(String certificate) {
+        this.certificate = certificate;
+    }
+
+    public List<SupportedSignatureAlgorithm> getSupportedSignatureAlgorithms() {
+        return supportedSignatureAlgorithms;
+    }
+
+    public void setSupportedSignatureAlgorithms(List<SupportedSignatureAlgorithm> supportedSignatureAlgorithms) {
+        this.supportedSignatureAlgorithms = supportedSignatureAlgorithms;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/main/java/eu/webeid/security/authtoken/WebEidAuthToken.java b/src/main/java/eu/webeid/security/authtoken/WebEidAuthToken.java
@@ -34,8 +34,7 @@ public class WebEidAuthToken {
     private String algorithm;
     private String format;
 
-    private String unverifiedSigningCertificate;
-    private List<SupportedSignatureAlgorithm> supportedSignatureAlgorithms;
+    private List<UnverifiedSigningCertificate> unverifiedSigningCertificates;
 
     public String getUnverifiedCertificate() {
         return unverifiedCertificate;
@@ -69,19 +68,11 @@ public void setFormat(String format) {
         this.format = format;
     }
 
-    public String getUnverifiedSigningCertificate() {
-        return unverifiedSigningCertificate;
+    public List<UnverifiedSigningCertificate> getUnverifiedSigningCertificates() {
+        return unverifiedSigningCertificates;
     }
 
-    public void setUnverifiedSigningCertificate(String unverifiedSigningCertificate) {
-        this.unverifiedSigningCertificate = unverifiedSigningCertificate;
-    }
-
-    public List<SupportedSignatureAlgorithm> getSupportedSignatureAlgorithms() {
-        return supportedSignatureAlgorithms;
-    }
-
-    public void setSupportedSignatureAlgorithms(List<SupportedSignatureAlgorithm> supportedSignatureAlgorithms) {
-        this.supportedSignatureAlgorithms = supportedSignatureAlgorithms;
+    public void setUnverifiedSigningCertificates(List<UnverifiedSigningCertificate> unverifiedSigningCertificates) {
+        this.unverifiedSigningCertificates = unverifiedSigningCertificates;
     }
 }
diff --git a/...main/java/eu/webeid/security/validator/versionvalidators/AuthTokenVersion11Validator.java b/...main/java/eu/webeid/security/validator/versionvalidators/AuthTokenVersion11Validator.java
@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
 package eu.webeid.security.validator.versionvalidators;
 
 import eu.webeid.security.authtoken.SupportedSignatureAlgorithm;
+import eu.webeid.security.authtoken.UnverifiedSigningCertificate;
 import eu.webeid.security.authtoken.WebEidAuthToken;
 import eu.webeid.security.certificate.CertificateLoader;
 import eu.webeid.security.exceptions.AuthTokenException;
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@
 import java.security.cert.CertificateNotYetValidException;
 import java.security.cert.TrustAnchor;
 import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
+import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.Arrays;
 import java.util.List;
 import java.util.Set;
@@ -90,37 +92,57 @@ protected String getSupportedFormatPrefix() {
     @Override
     public X509Certificate validate(WebEidAuthToken token, String currentChallengeNonce) throws AuthTokenException {
         final X509Certificate subjectCertificate = validateV1(token, currentChallengeNonce);
-        final X509Certificate signingCertificate = validateSigningCertificateExists(token);
-        validateSupportedSignatureAlgorithms(token.getSupportedSignatureAlgorithms());
-        validateSameSubject(subjectCertificate, signingCertificate);
-        validateSameIssuer(subjectCertificate, signingCertificate);
-        validateSigningCertificateValidity(signingCertificate);
-        validateKeyUsage(signingCertificate);
+        final List<X509Certificate> signingCertificates = validateSigningCertificates(token);
+        for (X509Certificate signingCertificate : signingCertificates) {
+            validateSameSubject(subjectCertificate, signingCertificate);
+            validateSameIssuer(subjectCertificate, signingCertificate);
+            validateSigningCertificateValidity(signingCertificate);
+            validateKeyUsage(signingCertificate);
+        }
 
         return subjectCertificate;
     }
 
-    private static void validateSupportedSignatureAlgorithms(List<SupportedSignatureAlgorithm> algorithms) throws AuthTokenParseException {
+    private static void validateSupportedSignatureAlgorithms(UnverifiedSigningCertificate cert) throws AuthTokenParseException {
+        List<SupportedSignatureAlgorithm> algorithms = cert.getSupportedSignatureAlgorithms();
+
         if (algorithms == null || algorithms.isEmpty()) {
             throw new AuthTokenParseException("'supportedSignatureAlgorithms' field is missing");
         }
 
-        boolean hasInvalid = algorithms.stream().anyMatch(supportedSignatureAlgorithm ->
-            !SUPPORTED_SIGNING_CRYPTO_ALGORITHMS.contains(supportedSignatureAlgorithm.getCryptoAlgorithm()) ||
-                !SUPPORTED_SIGNING_HASH_FUNCTIONS.contains(supportedSignatureAlgorithm.getHashFunction()) ||
-                !SUPPORTED_SIGNING_PADDING_SCHEMES.contains(supportedSignatureAlgorithm.getPaddingScheme())
+        boolean hasInvalid = algorithms.stream().anyMatch(algorithm ->
+            algorithm == null ||
+                algorithm.getCryptoAlgorithm() == null ||
+                algorithm.getHashFunction() == null ||
+                algorithm.getPaddingScheme() == null ||
+                !SUPPORTED_SIGNING_CRYPTO_ALGORITHMS.contains(algorithm.getCryptoAlgorithm()) ||
+                !SUPPORTED_SIGNING_HASH_FUNCTIONS.contains(algorithm.getHashFunction()) ||
+                !SUPPORTED_SIGNING_PADDING_SCHEMES.contains(algorithm.getPaddingScheme())
         );
 
         if (hasInvalid) {
             throw new AuthTokenParseException("Unsupported signature algorithm");
         }
     }
 
-    private static X509Certificate validateSigningCertificateExists(WebEidAuthToken token) throws AuthTokenParseException, CertificateDecodingException {
-        if (isNullOrEmpty(token.getUnverifiedSigningCertificate())) {
-            throw new AuthTokenParseException("'unverifiedSigningCertificate' field is missing, null or empty for format 'web-eid:1.1'");
+    private static List<X509Certificate> validateSigningCertificates(WebEidAuthToken token) throws AuthTokenParseException, CertificateDecodingException {
+        List<UnverifiedSigningCertificate> signingCertificates = token.getUnverifiedSigningCertificates();
+
+        if (signingCertificates == null || signingCertificates.isEmpty()) {
+            throw new AuthTokenParseException("'unverifiedSigningCertificates' field is missing, null or empty for format 'web-eid:1.1'");
+        }
+
+        List<X509Certificate> result = new ArrayList<>();
+
+        for (UnverifiedSigningCertificate certificate : signingCertificates) {
+            if (certificate == null || isNullOrEmpty(certificate.getCertificate())) {
+                throw new AuthTokenParseException("'unverifiedSigningCertificates' contains a null or empty entry for format 'web-eid:1.1'");
+            }
+            validateSupportedSignatureAlgorithms(certificate);
+            result.add(CertificateLoader.decodeCertificateFromBase64(certificate.getCertificate()));
         }
-        return CertificateLoader.decodeCertificateFromBase64(token.getUnverifiedSigningCertificate());
+
+        return result;
     }
 
     private static void validateSameSubject(X509Certificate subjectCertificate, X509Certificate signingCertificate)

diff --git a/src/main/java/eu/webeid/security/validator/versionvalidators/AuthTokenVersion1Validator.java b/src/main/java/eu/webeid/security/validator/versionvalidators/AuthTokenVersion1Validator.java
@@ -78,6 +78,12 @@ protected String getSupportedFormatPrefix() {
 
     @Override
     public X509Certificate validate(WebEidAuthToken token, String currentChallengeNonce) throws AuthTokenException {
+        if (isExactV10Format(token.getFormat()) && token.getUnverifiedSigningCertificates() != null) {
+            throw new AuthTokenParseException(
+                "'unverifiedSigningCertificates' field is not allowed for format '" + token.getFormat() + "'"
+            );
+        }
+
         if (token.getUnverifiedCertificate() == null || token.getUnverifiedCertificate().isEmpty()) {
             throw new AuthTokenParseException("'unverifiedCertificate' field is missing, null or empty");
         }
@@ -105,4 +111,8 @@ public X509Certificate validate(WebEidAuthToken token, String currentChallengeNo
 
         return subjectCertificate;
     }
+
+    private static boolean isExactV10Format(String format) {
+        return V1_SUPPORTED_TOKEN_FORMAT_PREFIX.equals(format) || "web-eid:1.0".equals(format);
+    }
 }